Riboflavin/Niacin

Question 1

What are the two major molecules forming riboflavin (Flavin adenine dinucleotiede FAD)

Answer 1

Falvin mononucleotide (FMN)
Adenosine monophasphaste (AMP)

Question 2

What are FAD and FMN?

Answer 2

Coenzymes

Question 3

The flavin ring in FAD and FMN are important for what kind of reactions?

Answer 3

Redox

Question 4

Where are FAD and FMN found and what is their function there?

Answer 4

ETS, coenzymes for dehydrogenases. 1st step in beta-oxidation and Krebs.

Question 5

FAD and FMN are necessary for the synthesis of what other vitamins

Answer 5

Niacin and B6

Question 6

60 mg of tryptophan = what?

Answer 6

1 mg of Niacin

Question 7

What is the RDA for riboflavin?

Answer 7

Men = 1.3 mg
Women = 1.1 mg

Question 8

What are the sources fro riboflavin

Answer 8

Dairy, 
Dark green leafy veggies
Whole grains
Eggs
Meats
Fortified cereals

Question 9

What destroys riboflavin?

Answer 9

UV light

Alkaline pH

Question 10

T/F

Cooking destroys B2?

Answer 10

False

Stable during cooking

Question 11

T/F

Ariboflavinosis usually happens by itself

Answer 11

False

Usually found with other B vitamin deficiencies

Question 12

What are some conditions related to ariboflavinosis?

Answer 12

Cheilosis
Angular stomatitis
Glossitis and magenta tongue
Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 13

What is inhibited by severe riboflavin deficincy?

Answer 13

Vitamin B6 and NAD synthesis

Question 14

Who is at risk for B2 deficiency?

Answer 14

Alcoholics
People in developing nations
Diabetics (enhanced riboflavin excretion)
Patients with thyroid disorders (altered metabolism)
Tricyclic anti-depressants decrease riboflavin absorption

Question 15

What is the tolerable upper intake of riboflavin?

Answer 15

None set

Question 16

What has shown to be an effective dose of riboflavin for treating migraines?

Answer 16

400 mg. No side effects

Question 17

What is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) composed of?

Answer 17

Nicotinamide (niacin)
Ribose
Adenosine

Question 18

How many mg of tryptophan = 1g of niacin?

Answer 18

60 mg

Question 19

What are the 3 main functions of Niacin?

Answer 19

Coenzymes (most frequently dehydrogenases)

NAD
NADPH

Question 20

What other B vitamin does niacin assist in the synthesis of?

Answer 20

Folate

Question 21

What is the RDA for niacin?

Answer 21

Men = 16 mg
Women = 14 mg

Question 22

Where does most of our niacin requirement come from?

Answer 22

Tryptophan

Question 23

How easy it for it, considering the american diet, to meet the RDA for Niacin?

Answer 23

The average american consumes 900 mg of tryptophan daily = 15 mg of Niacin

Question 24

What are the sources of Niacin?

Answer 24

Chicken
Fish
Pork
Beef
Peanuts
Yeast
Enriched cereals

Question 25

What is the MC niacin deficiency condition?

Answer 25

Pellagra (rough skin).

Question 26

What are the 4 D’s of pellagra?

Answer 26

1. Dermatitis (looks like sunburn of face, neck and extremities)
2. Dementia (headache, memory loss, extremity paralysis, delirium).
3. Diarrhea (glossitis, cheilosis, stomatitis, diarrhea or vomiting).
4. Death

Question 27

What is Pellagra caused by?

Answer 27

Niacin or tryptophan deficiency

Question 28

What deficiency is often found paired with pellagra?

Answer 28

Ariboflavinosis

Question 29

What is the tolerable upper intake for Niacin?

Answer 29

35 mg/day