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Nutrition > Vitamin C/Thiamin > Flashcards

Vitamin C/Thiamin Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

Water soluble vitamins aren’t appreciably diminished when cooking with water?

A

False,

They are substantially lost during cooking.

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2
Q

How are dietary water soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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3
Q

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed when they are taken as supplements?

A

Passive diffusion

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4
Q

T/F

Very little water soluble vitamins are stored

A

True

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5
Q

T/F

Water soluble vitamins are nonessential inorganic molecules

A

False,

They are essential organic molecules

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6
Q

What 3 major functions are B-complex vitamins for?

A

Energy releasing
Hematopoietic
Other

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7
Q

What B-vitamins fall under the functional category of energy releasing?

A

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6

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8
Q

What B-vitamins fall under the functional category of hematopoietic?

A

Folate, B12, B6, pantothenic acid

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9
Q

What B-vitamins fall under the functional category of “other”

A

B6, B12, thiamin, folate, niacin.

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10
Q

T/F

Vitmain C is nonessential for most animals and plants

A

True

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11
Q

Why is vitmain C nonessential for most animals and plants?

A

Made from glucose and galactose

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12
Q

What is the oxidized from of ascorbic acid?

A

Dehydroascorbic acid

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13
Q

Who is Vitamin C essential for?

A

Humans, primates, fruit bats, guinea pigs.

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14
Q

How does vitamin C act like an antioxidant?

A

Donates a H to free radicals

Regenerates vitamin E in cells

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15
Q

How does vitmain C act like a coenzyme?

A

Coenzyme for iron and copper-containing enzymes involved in hydroxylation to form collagen

E.g proline -> hydroxyproline
Lysine -> hydroxylysine.

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16
Q

How does vitamin C affect iron absorption?

A

Nonheme iron absorption. Ascorbic acid enhaces absorption of iron from plants and supplements

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17
Q

What is the RDA for Vitamin C in men and women respectively?

A 
Men = 90 mg
Women = 75 mg
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18
Q

What is the RDA for vitamin C in smokers?

A

RDA + 35

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19
Q

What are some sources of vitamin C?

A

Peppers
Citrus fruits & juices
Broccoli
Dark green leafy veggies

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20
Q

T/F

Often times frozen F and V contain more vitamin C than fresh that has been shipped a far distance

A

True

21
Q

How much vitamin C is lost in prepared veggies that have been refrigerated for 24 hrs?

A

50%

22
Q

What are 2 commonly associated symptoms of scurvy?

A

Corkscrew hairs

Bleeding gums

23
Q

How common is vitmain C deficiency and who is it found in?

A

Rare.

May be found in people with poor diet, alcoholism or drug habits.

24
Q

What are the 4 signs of scruvy?

A

Hemorrhagic sings (poor wound healing

Hyperkaratosis of hair follicles

Hypochondriasis (psychological manifestations)

Hemtologic (from impaired collagen synthesis and decreased iron absortion)

25
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake limit for vitamin C

A

2g

26
Q

What can unabsorbed vitamin C cause?

A

Diarrhea from LI fermentation

27
Q

What two conditions is there caution for high doses for vitamin C

A

Kidney disease - increased risk of kidney stones

Impaired iron metabolism - iron toxicity

28
Q

Thiamin is AKA?

A

B1. Thiamin pyrophosphate

29
Q

What are Thiamins coenzyme functions?

A

Energy production (pyruvate to acetyl CoA). - Used by dehydrogenases

NADPH and pentose syntehsis - part of transketolase

30
Q

What are Thiamin’s noncoenzyme (TTP) functions?

A

Nervous system

Regulates sodium channels and chloride transport in nerve transduction

31
Q

What B-vitamin is PLP (Kreb’s cycle) controlled by?

A

Vitamin B6

32
Q

What B-vitamin controlls TDP and transketolate (Krebs cycle)

A

Thiamin

33
Q

What B-vitmain controlls NAD/NADP (krebs cycle)

A

Niacin

34
Q

What B-vitamin controls FAD (krebs cycle)

A

Riboflavin

35
Q

What B-vitamin controls CoA (Krebs cycle)

A

Pantothenic acid

36
Q

What is the RDA for Thiamin?

A 
Men = 1.2 mg
Women = 1.1 mg
37
Q

What are some sources for Thiamin?

A

Pork
Whole grains
Enriched flour
Dried beans

38
Q

What 4 things destroy Thiamin?

A

Heat (cooking)
Oxidation
Light
Sulfites

39
Q

Where are thiaminases found?

A

Fish and Shellfish

40
Q

What are the 3 major targets of thiamin deficiency?

A

Peripheral nerves, heart, brain

41
Q

What are some signs of early thiamin deficiency?

A

Anorexia, weight loss, malaise, tender claf muscles, leg numbness, increased pulse rate and palpitations

42
Q

What symptoms are associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (thiamin deficiency)

A

Alcoholics

Psychosis, delirium, ataxia of gait and stance

43
Q

What is wet beriberi and what are some symptoms?

A

Chronic adult deficiency

Enlarged heart, rapid heart beat, periheral edema, peripheral neuropathy, tense calf muscles, high blood pressure

44
Q

What is dry beriberi and what are some symptoms?

A

Chronic geriatric deficiency

Muscle weakness, extremity wasting, peripheral neuropathy

45
Q

What is acute beriberi and what are some symptoms

A

Chronic infant deficiency (2-5 months of age)

Anorexia, vomiting, enlarged heart.

46
Q

Who is most at risk for thaimin deficiency in the U.S and why?

A

Elderly (impaired absorption, dietary deficiency

Alcoholics (impaired absorption, dietary deficiency)

Babies (dietary deficiency)

Patients with malabs conditions

47
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake limit for thiamin?

A

None

48
Q

T/F

Although there is no tolerable upper intake limit, thiamin toxicity is relatively common

A

False,

It’s rare

49
Q

What are 2 examples of risk for thiamin toxicity

A

100x RDA given by IV (headache, convulsions, anaphylactic shock)

1000x RDA by mouth (thaimin hydrochloride) suppresses respiratory center leading to death

Nutrition (11 decks)

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