Calcium Flashcards
What are the symptoms of calcium toxicity?
Fatigue, hallucinations, constipation, kidney stones, calcium deposits in soft tissue.
What are the causes of calcium toxicity?
High dairy or supplement intake (including calcium-containing antacids), hyperparathyroidism, bone cancer, sarcoidosis, TB
Which form is calcium absorbed in?
Calcium ion
Where is calbindin 28k located in vivo?
Kidneys
What is a clinical indicator of a calcium deficiency?
Tetany
What can blood calcium levels be used to diagnose?
Calcium toxicity
What is the second most abundant mineral in the body?
Phosphorus 85% in skeleton
How much of dietary phosphorus is absorbed?
80%
What enzyme functions does phosphorus mediate?
Phosphoproteins turn enzymes on or off by phosphorylation (covalent modification)
What role does phosphorus play in acid-base balance?
Phosphate is main intracellular buffer with acid-base balance
What good sources are good for phosphorus?
Meat, poultry, fish, eggs
What are exellent sources for phosphurs?
See notes
Who is at risk for phosphorus deficiency?
Alcoholics
Those with renal or liver disease
Consumption of large doses of antacids
Malnourished patients being refed by TPN
What are some tell tell signs of phosphorus toxicity?
Hypocalcemia and tetany
what happens physiologically with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (high phosphate intake)?
Hypocalcemia -> parathyroid glad stimulation -> increased PTH -> Increased Ca efflux to restore plasma Ca. Increased bone loss
What is the 4th most abundant mineral in the body?
Mg. 54% in skeleton
70% of Mg is found where? 30% of Mg is found where?
70% crystal lattice. 30% amorphous structure
What is the cofactor form of Mg?
Metalloenzyme
What does Mg do to ATP?
Stabalizes ATP
What does Mg do for muscles?
Muscle relaxtion (calcium channel blocker). Used to stop pre-term labor
What does Mg do concerning PTH secretion and vitamin D?
Required for PTH secretion (too much inhibit PTH)
Required for vitamin D activation
T/F
Mg is found in plant products more than animal
True
What are good sources of Mg?
Seeds Nuts Grains legumes Dark green leafy veggies
What are some moderate sources of Mg
Milk
Tofu prepared by Mg precipitation
What are some symptoms of Mg deficiency?
Nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, tremors, personality changes, tetany (hypocalcemia and hypokalemia usually precede)
What patient base is moderate Mg depletion found in?
Elderly
What patient base is known to have acute Mg depletion?
Renal disease, malabs, hyperthyroidism, pancreatitis, protein insufficiency, diabetics, PTH disorders
Who is at risk for Mg toxicity?
Patients with kidney disease
What are some symptoms of Mg toxicity?
Diarrhea, nausea, flushing, slurred speech, migraine.
