vitamin ADEK C Flashcards
what are the fat soluble vitamins
Vit A D E K
two types of vitmain a
retinoids and carotenoids
a type of vitamin a that is known for its therapeutic application, particularly in skincare
retinoids
what is the active vitamin A?
retinol
a type of vitamin A that is a provitamin
beta-carotene
source of Vit A that are rich in retinol
beef liver, fish oil, dairy products
food source that are rich in carotenoids
plant based sources like carrots, spinach and sweet potatoes
food source that are fortified with Vit a
breakfast cereals and milk
Vit D is aka?
calciferol
sunshine vitamin
Vit D calciferol
vit D is produced in the skin when exposed to?
UV rays
vitamin d that is found in plants
vitamin D2 ergocalciferol
vitamin D that is produced in skin and found in animal foods
vitamin D3 cholecalciferol
Vitamin D is synthesized from ___in the skin upon UV exposure
7-dehydrocholesterol
where does 7-dehydrocholesterol converted to?
in the liver
active form of vitamin D
1,25 - dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)
asdasda
asdas
RDI of Vit D in adults
15-20mg
RDI of Vit D in children aged 1-13
15mg
Vit D deficiency in children can lead to?
rickets and osteomalacia
a lipid-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes
vitamin E
commonly the plasma vitamin C molecule reacts with the vitamin E radical in a membrane or lipoprotein to convert it back to?
tocopherols
The plasma concentrations of ɑ-tocopherol that would appear to be advantageous would call for a consumption of?
17-40 mg per day
this vitamin plays an essential role in blood coagulation
vitamin K
Vit k1 aka
phylloquinone
vitk2 aka
menaquinone
vitk3 aka
menadiol
how many % of dietary phylloquinone is normally absorbed in the lymphatic system
80%
Intestinal bacteria synthesize what vitK
menaquinones VitK2
The synthetic compound menadiol is absorbed largely into the ?
hepatic portal system
It is the cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues in the postsynthetic modification of proteins to form the unusual amino acid γ- carboxyglutamate.
vitamin K
treatment of pregnant women with warfarin or other anticoagulants can lead to bone abnormalities in the child called?
the fetal warfarin syndrome
measures the time required for the formation of a fibrin clot in citrated blood plasma after the addition of calcium ions and thromboplastin
prothrombin time
A small number of newborn infants have very low reserves of vitamin K and are at risk of potentially fatal??
fatal hemorrhagic disease
AI of vitK for males and female
male - 75mg
female - 120mg
a water soluble micronutrient
vitamin C
vit C aka
ascorbic acid
a required part of several enzymes involved in the synthesis of collagen, signaling molecules in the brain, some hormones, and amino acids.
vitamin C
copper containing enzyme involved in the synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine in the adrenal medulla and central nervous system.
dopamine b-hydroxylase
involved in the modification of precursor proteins to yield the final, mature protein.
Oxoglutarate-linked iron-containing hydroxylases
required for the postsynthetic modification of procollagen in the formation of mature, insoluble, collagen
proline and lysine hydroxylases
required for the postsynthetic modification of the precursor proteins of osteocalcin and the C1q component of complement.
proline hydroxylase
for the postsynthetic modification of the precursor of protein C, the vitamin K-dependent protease that hydrolyzes activated factor V in the blood-clotting cascade.
aspartate - B - hydroxylase
vitamin C deficiency
scurvy
Deficiency do not develop in previously adequately nourished subjects until they have been deprived of the vitamin for how many months?
4-6 months
early signs of scurvy
skin change
petechial hemorrhage
late stage of scurvy
hemorrhage of gums
loss of dental cement, loose teeth in the alveolar bone
wounds show only superficial healing
signs of advance scurvy
intense pain in the bones
The requirement for vitamin C to prevent clinical scurvy is less than ?
10mg/day
An intake of ____ is required for optimum wound healing.
20mg/day
RDI intake of vit C for non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating women
NP - 75mg/day
P - 85mg/day
L - 120mg/day
