1 - nutrition and you Flashcards
the word nutrition first appeared in what year?
1551
latin word of “to nourish”
nutrire
definition of nutrition
the sum of all processes involved in how organisms obtain nutrients, metabolize them, and use them to support all of life’s processes
factors or determinants of health factors
nutrition
genetics
environment
life cycle
lifestyle
health factor
- a person’s stage of life influences their health and nutritional requirements
life style
health factor
- majority of our expressed traits are a product of our genes and environment
environment & genes
one of the best environmental predictors of a populations health is ___
socioeconomic status
health factors
- a measurement made up of three variables
- income, occupation and education
socioeconomic status
three variables of socioeconomic status
income, occupation and education
t or f: Socioeconomic status affects nutrition by influencing what foods you can afford and consequently, food choice and food quality.
true
t or f: Socioeconomic status affects nutrition by influencing what foods you can’t afford and consequently, food choice and food quality.
f
health factors
- your dietary habits, physical activity level, recreational drug use and sleeping patters
lifestyle
health is defines as
“state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
defined as any abnormal condition
affecting the health of an organism, and is characterized by specific signs and
symptons
disease
foods we ear affect all three aspects of our health
physical, social, mental
excessive eating can cause
chronic disease
- hypertension
- obesity
- type 2 diabetes
- CVD
- cancer
- osteoporosis
substances required by the body to perform its basic function
nutrition
nutrients must be obtainted from ___, since the human body does not synthesize them
diet
classes of nutrients
carbs
protein
fat
water
vitamins
minerals
classes of macronutrients
carbs
protein
lipid
needed in large amounts, can be metabolically processed into cellular energy
macronutrients
composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
has two form based on their chemical structure
carbohydrates
fast-releasing carbs - simple sugars
slow releasing carbs - staruht glycogen (?)
carbs that consists of 1-2 basic units
fast releasing carbohydrates
sucrose
glucose
fructose
long chains of simple sugars
slow-releasing carbohydrates
glycogen starch fibers
building blocks for bigger macromolecules
essential for proper functioning of the nervous system, heart and kidneys
one gram / 4kcal
carbohydrates
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen but insoluble in water unlike
carbohydrates
lipids
main types:
- triglycerides
- phospholipids
- sterol
surround and protect organs, aid in temperature regulation
lipids
“workhorses” composed of amino acids.
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
4kcal / gram
proteins
word protein comes from a greek word meaning
of primary importance
key role in conducting most of the chemical reactions that takes place in the body
proteins
needed in large amount but does not yield calories
more than 60% of your total body weight
water
required by the body in lesser amounts but are still essential for carrying out bodily functions
micronutrients
how many essential minerals and vitamins are there
16 minerals
13 vitamins
not directly used for making energy,
but they assist in the process as being part
of enzymes
micronutrients
are proteins that catalyze chemical
reactions in the body and are involved in all
aspects of body functions from producing
energy, to digesting nutrients, to building
macromolecules.
enzymes
are solid inorganic substances
that form crystals and are classified
depending on how much of them we need
minerals
minerals that are only required in a few mg or less
trace minerals
minerals that are required in hundreds of mg
macrominerals
examples of trace minerals
iron
zinc
iodine
selenium
copper
manganese
fluoride
chromium
molybdenum
examples of macrominerals
sodium
chloride
potassium
calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
sulfur
The thirteen vitamins are categorized as
either
water-soluble or fat-soluble
The _____-soluble vitamins are vitamin C and
all the B vitamins.
water
The ____-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K.
fat
are required to perform many
functions in the body such as:
± making red blood cells
± synthesizing bone tissue
± playing a role in normal vision, nervous
system function, and immune system function
vitamins
contain lots of the
nutrients relative to the amount of calories
they provide.
High quality food
nutrient dense food
factors that drive food choices
taste, texture, appearance
economics
early food experiences
habits
culture
geography
advertising
factors that drive food choice
social factors
health concerns
emotions
green food/ sustainability choices
