macromolecules Flashcards
among the 46 minerals, how many are recognized as vital?
21
human body cnotains how many minerals? ___
46
what are the essential macromolecules
caclium
phosphorus
chloride
phosphorus
potassium
sodium
sulfur
RDA of macromolecules
100mg/day
macromolecules are necessary in?
building bones
maintaining body fluids
maintaining proper pH in the body tissues
transmitting nerve impulse
maintaining cell membrane structure
facilitating enzyme action
the most abundant mineral in the body
calcium
It used structurally to build bones and teeth and
also as a messenger in cell signaling
calcium
More than 99% of the calcium in the body is
stored in bone as
hydroxyapatite
calcium deficiency can lead to?
osteoporosis
calcium deficiency in children can cause? though these are more common by Vit D deficiency
rickets
these macromolecule can be found in small fish, shellfish, cereals, green leafy vegetables, and dairy products
calcium
IS ONE OFTHE MOST IMPORTANTIONS IN
THE BODY
calcium
low blood levels of calcium in the blood
hypocalcemia
too much calcium in the blood
hypercalcemia
UL of calcium
2500mg daily
UL of calcium for ages 50 above
less than 2000mg
the second most
common cation found in the
body (about 25g).
magnesium
an alkaline earth metal
magnesium
how many % of total body magnesium is found in all of the compartments of our body
1%
role of magnesium homeostasis
controls the efficacy of intestinal absorption and loss through urine
how many % of magnesium is absorbed in a meal
20 - 70%
widely used by the body for metabolic processes;
its functions include energy production, synthesis in
biomolecules, and as a structural component of cell
membranes and chromosomes
magnesium
is found in a
variety of nutrient-dense
foods, including dark
chocolate, whole grains,
nuts, seeds, legumes,
and several fruits and
vegetables
magnesium
function of Mg
regulates muscle and nerve function
regulates BPmakes protein, bone and DNA
results in inadequate dietary intake of magnesium symptoms include muscle cramps, tremor, weakness, fatigue and irregular heart rhythms
hypomagnesemia
symptoms of hypocalcemia
muscle spasms, numbness and convulsions
magnesium deficiency can affect potassium levels,
leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness and irregular heart
rhythms
hypokalemia
in cardiovascular, low Mg can contribute to?
high BP, arryhthmias and increased risk of CVD
inadequate
magnesium intake may affect insulin sensitivity and glucose
metabolism, contributing to the development of????
type 2 diabetes
severe magnesium deficiency can lead to more serious
neuromuscular and nervous system disorders, including seizures
and hallucinations
NEUROMUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Helps maintain fluid levels in the body
and supports the functioning of the
kidneys, heart, muscles, and nervous
system
potassium
Help manage blood pressure by
reducing the negative impact of
sodium.
potassium
AI of potassium for male and female
Male : 3400mg
Female : 2600mg
an important component of two amino-acids, cysteine
and methionine, that are used in most proteins of the
body.
sulfur
not typically considered a
“nutrient” in the same way as vitamins and minerals, it is an essential element
that contributes to overall health and well-being
sulfur
sulfur is abundant in?
protein rich foods
mainly found in ECF and is fully water soluble as the chloride anion
chloride
is passively
distributed throughout the
body and moves to replace
anions lost to cells via other
processes.
chloride
main excretory of chloride?
urine
metabolic function of chloride anion
regulation of osmotic and electrolyte balance
dissociates HCL in the stomach and in electrolyte plasma in exchange with bicarbonate ion
high salt intake can lead to?
gastric cancer
RDA of sodium and chloride
500 and 750 mg/day
the most abundant mineral in the body next to calcium
phosphorus
about how many % of the body’s phosphorus is in bones and teeth.
85
Phosphorus helps filter out waste in the ??
kidneys
pediatric intake of phosphorus
0-6 M - 100mg daily
7-12M - 275mg
1-3yo - 460mg
4-8yo - 500
9-18yo - 1250
RDA of adults, 19 years and older
700mg
RDA of pregnant and lactating females under 18years
1250mg
RDA of pregnant and lactating females 19years and older
700mg
phosphorus deficiency is called
HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA
low blood levels of phosphorus
hypophosphatemia
The most common causes of deficiency in phosphorus
hyperparathyroidism
too much
parathyroid hormone is released that causes
phosphorus to exit the body through urine.
hyperparathyroidism
the most important electrolytes needed for the regulation of
blood
sodium
maintains normal water balance inside and outside the cells, and helps
maintain body neutrality by counteracting acid-forming substances in the blood
sodium
table salt contains how many % of sodium
40%
maximum intake of sodium per day
1000-1500mg
are minerals that are required in large amounts
in the human body
macrominerals
