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nutrition > macromolecules > Flashcards

macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

among the 46 minerals, how many are recognized as vital?

A

21

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2
Q

human body cnotains how many minerals? ___

A

46

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3
Q

what are the essential macromolecules

A

caclium
phosphorus
chloride
phosphorus
potassium
sodium
sulfur

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4
Q

RDA of macromolecules

A

100mg/day

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5
Q

macromolecules are necessary in?

A

building bones
maintaining body fluids
maintaining proper pH in the body tissues
transmitting nerve impulse
maintaining cell membrane structure
facilitating enzyme action

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6
Q

the most abundant mineral in the body

A

calcium

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7
Q

It used structurally to build bones and teeth and
also as a messenger in cell signaling

A

calcium

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8
Q

More than 99% of the calcium in the body is
stored in bone as

A

hydroxyapatite

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9
Q

calcium deficiency can lead to?

A

osteoporosis

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10
Q

calcium deficiency in children can cause? though these are more common by Vit D deficiency

A

rickets

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11
Q

these macromolecule can be found in small fish, shellfish, cereals, green leafy vegetables, and dairy products

A

calcium

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12
Q

IS ONE OFTHE MOST IMPORTANTIONS IN
THE BODY

A

calcium

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13
Q

low blood levels of calcium in the blood

A

hypocalcemia

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14
Q

too much calcium in the blood

A

hypercalcemia

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15
Q

UL of calcium

A

2500mg daily

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16
Q

UL of calcium for ages 50 above

A

less than 2000mg

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17
Q

the second most
common cation found in the
body (about 25g).

A

magnesium

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18
Q

an alkaline earth metal

A

magnesium

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19
Q

how many % of total body magnesium is found in all of the compartments of our body

A

1%

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20
Q

role of magnesium homeostasis

A

controls the efficacy of intestinal absorption and loss through urine

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21
Q

how many % of magnesium is absorbed in a meal

A

20 - 70%

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22
Q

widely used by the body for metabolic processes;
its functions include energy production, synthesis in
biomolecules, and as a structural component of cell
membranes and chromosomes

A

magnesium

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23
Q

is found in a
variety of nutrient-dense
foods, including dark
chocolate, whole grains,
nuts, seeds, legumes,
and several fruits and
vegetables

A

magnesium

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24
Q

function of Mg

A

regulates muscle and nerve function
regulates BPmakes protein, bone and DNA

25
Q

results in inadequate dietary intake of magnesium symptoms include muscle cramps, tremor, weakness, fatigue and irregular heart rhythms

A

hypomagnesemia

26
Q

symptoms of hypocalcemia

A

muscle spasms, numbness and convulsions

27
Q

magnesium deficiency can affect potassium levels,
leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness and irregular heart
rhythms

A

hypokalemia

28
Q

in cardiovascular, low Mg can contribute to?

A

high BP, arryhthmias and increased risk of CVD

29
Q

inadequate
magnesium intake may affect insulin sensitivity and glucose
metabolism, contributing to the development of????

A

type 2 diabetes

30
Q

severe magnesium deficiency can lead to more serious
neuromuscular and nervous system disorders, including seizures
and hallucinations

A

NEUROMUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

31
Q

Helps maintain fluid levels in the body
and supports the functioning of the
kidneys, heart, muscles, and nervous
system

A

potassium

32
Q

Help manage blood pressure by
reducing the negative impact of
sodium.

A

potassium

33
Q

AI of potassium for male and female

A

Male : 3400mg
Female : 2600mg

34
Q

an important component of two amino-acids, cysteine
and methionine, that are used in most proteins of the
body.

A

sulfur

35
Q

not typically considered a
“nutrient” in the same way as vitamins and minerals, it is an essential element
that contributes to overall health and well-being

A

sulfur

36
Q

sulfur is abundant in?

A

protein rich foods

37
Q

mainly found in ECF and is fully water soluble as the chloride anion

A

chloride

38
Q

is passively
distributed throughout the
body and moves to replace
anions lost to cells via other
processes.

A

chloride

39
Q

main excretory of chloride?

A

urine

40
Q

metabolic function of chloride anion

A

regulation of osmotic and electrolyte balance

dissociates HCL in the stomach and in electrolyte plasma in exchange with bicarbonate ion

41
Q

high salt intake can lead to?

A

gastric cancer

42
Q

RDA of sodium and chloride

A

500 and 750 mg/day

43
Q

the most abundant mineral in the body next to calcium

A

phosphorus

44
Q

about how many % of the body’s phosphorus is in bones and teeth.

A

85

45
Q

Phosphorus helps filter out waste in the ??

A

kidneys

46
Q

pediatric intake of phosphorus

A

0-6 M - 100mg daily
7-12M - 275mg
1-3yo - 460mg
4-8yo - 500
9-18yo - 1250

47
Q

RDA of adults, 19 years and older

A

700mg

48
Q

RDA of pregnant and lactating females under 18years

A

1250mg

49
Q

RDA of pregnant and lactating females 19years and older

A

700mg

50
Q

phosphorus deficiency is called

A

HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

51
Q

low blood levels of phosphorus

A

hypophosphatemia

52
Q

The most common causes of deficiency in phosphorus

A

hyperparathyroidism

53
Q

too much
parathyroid hormone is released that causes
phosphorus to exit the body through urine.

A

hyperparathyroidism

54
Q

the most important electrolytes needed for the regulation of
blood

A

sodium

55
Q

maintains normal water balance inside and outside the cells, and helps
maintain body neutrality by counteracting acid-forming substances in the blood

A

sodium

56
Q

table salt contains how many % of sodium

A

40%

57
Q

maximum intake of sodium per day

A

1000-1500mg

58
Q

are minerals that are required in large amounts
in the human body

A

macrominerals

nutrition (8 decks)

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