3. energy balance and body weight Flashcards
can be defined as the quantity of work a particular system can
perform.
Energy
energy is classified as either?
potential - stored energy, energy waiting to happen
kinetic - is energy in motion
unit of measurement that defines
the energy contained in a energy
yielding nutrient
calorie
is the amount of energy in
the form of heat
calorie
is the amount of heat
generated by a particular macronutrient
kilocalorie
energy from macronutrients
carbs
protein
fat
alcohol
4
4
9
7
A nutrient’s metabolic path is
dependent upon
energy balance
In a positive energy balance the?
excess nutrient
energy will be stored or used to grow
In negative energy balance you?
aren’t taking in
enough energy to meet your needs, so your body
will need to use its stores to provide energy.
a standardized mathematical prediction
of a person’s daily energy needs in kilocalories per
day required to maintain weight.
estimating energy requirement
The sum of caloric expenditure
total energy expenditure
TEE is dependent on?
age, sex, height, weight, and physical activity level
refers to those metabolic
pathways necessary to support and maintain
the body’s basic functions while at rest
basal metabolism
is the amount
of energy required by the body to conduct its
basic functions over a certain time period.
basal metabolic rate
The great majority of energy expended daily is from conducting life’s basic
processes.
between 50 - 70%
BMR is dependent on
body size, age, sex, body composition, nutritional status and genetics
t or f: muscle tissue burns more calories than fat tissues while at rest
t
BMR of
liver
brain
heart
kidneys
skeletal muscle (at rest)
other organs
27
19
7
10
18
19
the amount of calories
burned by the human body in one day adjusted to
the amount of activity (sedentary, moderate or
strenous)
total energy expenditure
The energy required for all the
enzymatic reactions that take place
during food digestion and absorption
of nutrients
thermic effect on food
thermic effect on food accounts
10% of total energy expended per day
fat tissue produces what hormone that balance the positive energy in the body
leptin
what part of the brain senses if nutrient levels in the blood decreases, and when they are high the satiety center is stimulated
hypothalamus
factors affecting energy intake
hunger
satiety
fat tissue
genetic influence
psychological/behavioral influences
societal influences
Indicator of the appropriateness of a person’s
weight (lbs) for their height (in)
BMI
the optimal weight recommended for optimal
health
ideal body weight
calculated using height and weight measurements
BMI body mass index
Ranges of Healthy % of Body Fat
females ages:
20-39
40-59
60-79
male ages
20-39
40-59
60-79
female ages:
21-33 %
23-24%
24-36%
male ages
8-20%
11-22%
13-25%
Fat deposited in the abdominal cavity is called ___ and it is a better predictor of disease risk than total fat mass
visceral fat
“apple-shaped” bodies
carry more weight around the waist. have greater risk of chronic disease
“pear shaped” bodies
carry more weight around the hips
a disorder in which the irrational fear of becoming
obese results in severe weight loss from self-impose d starvation
anorexia nervosa
Health consequences of anorexia nervosa
malnutrition and starvation
females stop menstruating
may develop heart problems, irreg heartbeat that can lead to cardiac arrest and sudden death
a disorder in which some form of purging or
clearing of the digestive tract follows cycles of
overeating
bulimia nervosa
common symptoms of bulimia nervosa
eating a significant amount of food in a limited time
guilt after eating
purging of food after eating
use of diet pills or diuretics
excessive exercise to prevent weight gain
a disorder characterized by compulsive overeating,
consume huge amounts of food at one time but do
not try to purge
binge eating disorder
This disorder may signal the use of food as a coping
mechanism for strong emotions or depression
binge eating disorder
health consequence of binge eating
may result in type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke
