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Dental Hygiene: Theory & Practice > Vitals > Flashcards

Vitals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 vital signs?

A
  1. Pulse
  2. Blood pressure
  3. Respirations
  4. Temperature
  5. Tobacco use
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2
Q

How should the patient be positioned when taking vitals?

A

Upright
Eye level
Legs uncrossed
Not talking, staying still

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3
Q

What are the factors that influence pulse rate?

A

-age
-medications
-stress
-exercise

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4
Q

We assess the _______ artery when taking the pulse.

A

radial

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5
Q

How many fingers do we use when assessing a patients pulse?

A

Two; index and middle finger

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6
Q

Tachycardia

A

beats per minute >100

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7
Q

Bradycardia

A

beats per minute <60

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8
Q

What is the normal range of pulse for adults?

A

60-100

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9
Q

Describe how we assess respirations

A

While still holding the patient wrist, count the number of times the chest rises and falls for 30 seconds X 2, or 1 minute if irregular *DO NOT INFORM PATIENT YOU ARE TAKING RESPIRATIONS

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10
Q

What are the factors that influence respirations?

A

-age
-medication
-stress
-exercise
-altitude
-gender (sex)
-body position
-fever

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11
Q

Tachynpnea

A

rapid, shallow breathing
respiration rate greater than 20 per minute

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12
Q

Hyperpnea

A

aka hyperventilation
rapid, deep breathing
can be caused by exercise, anxiety, metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

Bradynpea

A

slow breathing
decreased rate and depth
diabetic coma commonly the cause

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14
Q

Which conditions may cause obstructive breathing?

A

-asthma
-COPD
-obstructive bronchitis

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15
Q

What is the range of respiratory rates for newborns?

A

30-60

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16
Q

What is the range of respiratory rates for children?

A

14-26

17
Q

What is the range of respiratory rates for adults?

A

12-20

18
Q

Hypotension

A

abnormally low blood pressure
systolic <90; diastolic <60

19
Q

Hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure
systolic >130; diastolic >80

20
Q

List the factors affecting blood pressure

A

-time of day
-position
-eating
-exercise
-stress
-tobacco
-coffee/alcohol
-pain
-temperature

21
Q

Systolic

A

peak of highest pressure; caused by ventricular contraction
normal is around 120mmHg

22
Q

Diastolic

A

lowest pressure; ventricular relaxation
normal is less than 80 mmHg

23
Q

The difference between the systolic and diastolic is the _____.

A

pulse

24
Q

When can an electronic blood pressure machine not be used?

A

-irregular heart rate
-peripheral vascular obstruction
-shivering
-excessive tremors
-inability to cooperate
-systolic less than 90 Hg

25
Q

How do we determine the MIL (maximum inflation level)

A

locate the radial pulse, pump cuff until radial pulse disappears
*determining MIL prevent ausculatory gap

26
Q

We pump ____ beyond the MIL to obtain blood pressure

A

20-30 mmHg

27
Q

We dismiss patients at MCCC with a blood pressure reading of….

A

160/100
*needs a medical clearance

28
Q

What are normal blood pressure reading

A

systolic <120 diastolic <80

29
Q

What are hypertension stage 1 readings?

A

systolic 130-139 diastolic 80-89

30
Q

What are hypertension stage 2 readings

A

systolic >140 diastolic >90
*or equal to those numbers

31
Q

What are some lifestyle modifications for hypertension management?

A

-weight loss
-dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH)
-dietary sodium intake
-physical activity
-moderate alcohol consumption

32
Q

What are the factors that may increase temperature?

A

-time of day
-exercise
-age
-environment
-stress
-tobacco use
-hot/cold liquids
-infections
-hormones

33
Q

A decrease in temperature may be caused by what?

A

-rapid breathing (tachypnea)
-starvation
-hemorrhage
-physiological shock

34
Q

We dismiss patients in our clinic with a temperature reading of what?

A

100.4 degrees fahrenheit

Dental Hygiene: Theory & Practice (12 decks)

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