Hazard Communication

Question 1

What are the 6 components of disease transmission?

Answer 1

1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Port of exits (surface skin, oral tissues)
4. Mode of transmission (cross contamination)
5. Port of entry
6. Susceptible host

Question 2

List the modes of transmission

Answer 2

• direct (person to person or aerosolized droplet)
  -indirect (contaminated hands, dental needles, food/water, etc.)
• droplet (from respiratory tract and can become aerosolized)
• airborne (aerosols, spatter, dustborne)

Question 3

Define aerosol

Answer 3

solid/liquid suspended in air
• 1-100 micrometers
•nanometers can be inhaled into the lungs

Question 4

Define spatter

Answer 4

greater than 50 micrometers and fall within 2 feet of origin
• created w/ syringes, hand pieces, ultrasonics

Question 5

List the 4 principles of infection control identified by the CDC

Answer 5

1. Take action to stay health (exposure prevention)
2. Avoid contact with blood and other infectious body substances
3. Make client care items safe for use
4. Limit the spread of blood and other infectious body substances

Question 6

List examples of precautionary measures

Answer 6

• PPE
• sterilization
• barriers
• waste control

Question 7

List examples of preventing transmission

Answer 7

-preprocedural rinses
-EOS when aerosols are created
-adequate ventilation

Question 8

Water needs to have less than ___ CFU

Answer 8

500

Question 9

What is planktonic bacteria

Answer 9

bacteria in dental water lines that is loose and can be transmitted to the patient **we flush lines to remove this bacteria

Question 10

Coronavirus

Answer 10

•SARS-Cov-2
•airborne droplets inhaled into lungs, direct/indirect droplets in eyes and mucous membranes
•symptoms appear 2-14 days after exposure
•high viral loads in saliva
•can cause glossitis, hyposalivation, lesions, neurological issues, fungal infections, gingivitis, periodontal disease

Question 11

Hep A

Answer 11

•transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food/water or direct contact with an infected person
•recover with lifelong immunity
•vaccine is available

Question 12

Hep B

Answer 12

•can live at least a week
•transmitted through blood, saliva, semen
•200 million carriers in the US
•symptoms: jaundice, liver inflammation, abdominal discomfort, fever, nausea
•minimal risk for dental team if vaccinated

Question 13

Hep C

Answer 13

•most chronic blood borne infection
•lives up to 3 weeks on surfaces
•vaccine in progress
•can occur with those who are HIV infected
•tested recommended for intravenous drug users, recipient of blood clotting factors, those who have HIV, elevated liver enzymes, blood transfusions or organ transplant before 1992, children born to HVC infected mother, exposure to infected needlestick

Question 14

HHV-1

Answer 14

•herpes labalis
•cold sores, fever, blisters
•intraoral blisters seen only on attached gingiva and the palate
•latent
•dismissed in clinic for 3 weeks
•virus lives in saliva

Question 15

HHV-2

Answer 15

•genital herpes
•5 million cases in US
•transmitted through bodily fluids
•symptoms include lesions, pain, genital discharge, fever, general malaise

Question 16

HHV-3, Varicella zoster

Answer 16

•chicken pox at first, when reactived later its shingles
•direct contact with saliva
•airborne before fever up to 4 days after rash

Question 17

HIV/AIDS

Answer 17

•transmitted through most bodily fluids
•caused immune defiency
•retrovirus
•manifests oral and systemically

Question 18

HPV (Human papilloma virus)

Answer 18

•vaccine available
•related to oral-pharyngeal cancer
•strain 16 and 18 related to esophageal cancer

Question 19

Other disease causes by viral agents include..

Answer 19

-whooping cough (pertussis)
-measles (rubeola and rubella)
-mumps (paramyxovirus)

Question 20

Disease caused by bacterial agents include…

Answer 20

-gonococcal infections
-legionella (water lines)
-bacterial pneumonia
-staphylococcus infections (MRSA)
-streptococcus infections (strep a, b-scarlet fever, rheumatic fever)
-syphilis (treponema pallidum)
-tetanus
-tuberculosis
-pseudomonas infection (oral infection from dental units by p. aeruginosa, unclean water lines)

Question 21

Tuberculosis

Answer 21

•transmission through droplet nuclei into lungs
•airborne droplets of less than 5 microns
•latent 90%
•symptoms include coughing blood, weight loss, lethargy, weakness, night sweats, fever

Question 22

List the hazards in the workplace

Answer 22

-chemicals
-fire
-medical emergencies
-biological
-occupational exposure
-equipment
-radiologic
-ergonomic
-stress

Question 23

List examples of regulated medical waste

Answer 23

-blood soaked cotton rolls
-extracted teeth
-sharps
-surgically removed hard or soft tissue