Vital Stats Flashcards
people afflicted with a
disease
Cases
the number of events that
occur in a given population in a given
period of time
Rate
the
number of live births divided by the
total population
Natality (birth) rate
the number of
people who are sick divided by the
total population at risk
Morbidity rate
the
number of deaths in a population
divided by the total population
Mortality (fatality) rate
those in the
population who are susceptible to a
particular disease or condition
Population at risk
the number of
new health-related events or cases
of a disease divided by the total
number in the population at risk
Incidence rate
a disease that
lasts 3 months or less
Acute disease
an incidence rate
calculated for a particular population
for a single disease outbreak and
expressed as a percentage
Attack rate
the number of
new and old cases of a disease in a
population in a given period of time,
divided by the total number in that
population
Prevalence rate
a disease or
health condition that lasts longer
than 3 months
Chronic disease
a rate in which the
denominator includes the total
population
Crude rate
a rate used
to make comparisons across groups
and over time when groups differ in
age structure
Age-adjusted rate
Incidence and prevalence rates can be expressed in two forms
crude and adjusted
diseases
for which health officials request or
require reporting for public health
reasons
Notifiable diseases
the electronic
reporting system used by state
health departments and the CDC
National Electronic
Telecommunications
System (NETS)
Which statement is correct?
It is often difficult to precisely measure the level of wellness or, for that matter, ill health. On the other hand, death can be clearly defined
All statements are correct
the average
number of years a person from a
specific cohort is projected to live
from a given point in time
Life expectancy
the number of years lost
when death occurs before the age
of 65 or 75
Years of potential life lost
(YPLL)
is calculated by subtracting a person’s age at death from a predefined, standard
age.
Years of potential life lost
(YPLL)
a measure for
the burden of disease that takes into
account premature death and loss of
healthy life resulting from disability
Disability-adjusted life
years (DALYs)
the number of years of healthy life expected,
on average, in a given population
Health-adjusted life
expectancy (HALE)
sometimes referred to as healthy life expectancy
Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
consist of original information
collected first hand
Primary Data
have been collected by someone else, possibly for
another purpose.
Secondary Data
the enumeration of
the population of the United States
that is conducted every 10 years
U.S. Census
an epidemiological study that describes a
disease with respect to person, place,
and time
Descriptive study
a graphic
display of the cases of disease
according to the time or date of
onset of symptoms
Epidemic curve
a graphic display of a disease where each case can be traced
to a single source of exposure
Common source epidemic
curve
the period
between exposure to a disease and
the onset of symptoms
Incubation period
a
type of epidemic where all cases
were exposed at the same point
in time
Point source epidemic
a type of epidemic
where cases are exposed to a common source over time
Continuous source
epidemic
an epidemic curve depicting
a distribution of cases traceable to
multiple sources of exposure
Propagated epidemic
curve
an epidemiological study aimed at testing
hypotheses
Analytic study
Risk factors
factors that increase
the probability of disease, injury,
or death
y an analytic, epidemiological study in which the investigator observes the natural course of events, noting exposed and unexposed subjects and disease development
Observational study
analytic studies
in which the investigator allocates
exposure or intervention and follows
development of disease
Experimental (interventional) studies
a blank treatment
Placebo
