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Summer CPH > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

defined as any condition that deviates the normal physiologic of the body.

A

Disease

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2
Q

abnormal condition of an organism resulting from the disruption of normal body functioning.

A

Disease

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3
Q

can be seen and measured

A

Sign

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4
Q

are felt and cannot be measured

A

Symptoms

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5
Q

combination of signs and symptoms

A

Syndrome

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6
Q

invasion of microbes in a susceptible host

A

Infection

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7
Q

can also be spread but much more easier because its mode of transmission is airborne.

A

Contagious Disease

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8
Q

caused by pathogenic agents which can be transmitted from an infected host to a
non-infected but susceptible host.

A

Communicable Disease

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9
Q

Which is infectious?
Communicable disease or Non-Communicable disease?

A

Communicable disease

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10
Q

cannot be transmitted from a diseased host to a susceptible host.

A

Non-Communicable Disease

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11
Q

start of signs and symptoms

A

Onset

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12
Q

The Onset of Disease can either be

A

Acute or Chronic

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13
Q

Duration (3 months or less)

A

Acute

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14
Q

Duration (longer than 3 months)

A

Chronic

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15
Q
  • Peak severity of symptoms occur and subsides within 3 months or sooner
  • If also it is sudden (onset)
A

Acute

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16
Q

-Recovery is slow and often incomplete
-Signs and symptoms are slowly manifesting (onset)

A

Chronic

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17
Q

This model includes 3 basic elements

A

Communicable Disease model

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18
Q

What are the 3 elements of Communicable disease model?

A

Pathogen, Host , and environment

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19
Q

model that conceptualizes the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a new susceptible host.

A

Chain of Infection

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20
Q

State the levels of Chain of Infection

A
  1. Pathogen
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of Exit
  4. Transmission
  5. Portal of Entry
  6. Disease to another host
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21
Q

Parenteral Route is through

A

Needles

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22
Q

Non-communicable disease can best be visualized by what model

A

Multi-causation disease model

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23
Q

What does multi-causation disease model visualizes?

A

That it is Difficult to discern the Cause

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24
Q

What are the contributing factors of Non-communicable Disease model

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Behavior
  3. Environment
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25
Q

Philippine 4 Major Non-Communicable Disease (Chronic Diseases or Lifestyle Related Diseases):

A
  1. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  4. Diabetes Mellitus
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26
Q

Rank high among the nation’s leading causes of death US

A
  1. Heart Disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Stroke
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27
Q

Blood supply to brain is interrupted

A

Stroke

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28
Q

(4th leading cause of death in US

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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29
Q

(7th leading cause of death in US

A

Diabetes-type II

30
Q

10th leading cause in US

A

– Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

31
Q

Brought considerable change on the health
status of Filipinos.

A

Urbanization in pHil

32
Q

Influenced the spread of non-communicable
/lifestyle degenerative diseases

A

Globalization

33
Q

– Increase the risk exposure

A

Globalization

34
Q

taking action to prevent or delay the onset of illness or injury before pathogenesis occur.

A

Prevention

35
Q

taking action to control a disease in progress.

A

Intervention

36
Q

Prevention vs Intervention

A

Prevention- before the onset of disease
Intervention- During the progress of disease

37
Q

means containment of a disease

A

Control

38
Q

can include both prevention and intervention
measures.

A

Control

39
Q

uprooting or total elimination of a disease from the human population.

A

Eradication

40
Q

Prioritizing Prevention and
Control Efforts: (1-3)

A
  1. Leading cause of death
  2. Years of Potential Lost (YPLL)
  3. Economic cost to society
41
Q

most common way people prioritize health
problems.

A

Leading cause of death

42
Q

measurement that emphasizes the
importance of those diseases that kill people
of all ages

A

Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)

43
Q

The U. S. spends ____% of its health care
budget on the four leading causes of death.

A

66.5%

44
Q

Evaluate the impact of a particular disease or
health problem

A

Economic cost to society

45
Q

Examples of Economic cost

A
  1. Cost of tReatment
  2. Loss of productivity
46
Q

Levels of Prevention

A

Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention

47
Q

Prevent or forestall (delay)the occurrence

A

Primary Prevention

48
Q

Example Primary Prevention

A
  • Vaccines
  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Non-risky behaviors
49
Q

early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a
disease before the disease becomes advanced
and disability becomes severe.

A

Secondary Prevention

50
Q

Example of Secondary Prevention

A

Health screenings

51
Q

Retrain, re-educate, rehabilitate patient who has the disability

A

Tertiary Prevention

52
Q

Prevention of Communicable
Diseases (3)

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

53
Q

Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
* Pasteurization
* Antibiotics/antivirals
* Disinfectants

A

Primary Prevention Communicable Disease

54
Q

Primary prevention of Communicable disease

A
  • Pasteurization
  • Antibiotics/antivirals
  • Disinfectants
55
Q

Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
* Isolation
* Surveillance
* Quarantine
* Drug treatment

A

Secondary Prevention Communicable Disease

56
Q

Secondary Prevention of Communicable Disease

A
  • Isolation
  • Surveillance
  • Quarantine
  • Drug treatment
57
Q

Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
* Control for the individual

A

Tertiary Prevention Communicable Disease

58
Q

time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment

A

Convalescence

59
Q

Pasteurization=

A

Pasteurization=Sterilization

60
Q

it means complete absence of microbes

A

Sterile

61
Q

Sterilization in things

A

Autoclaving

62
Q

Application of preventive
measures for the control of a
communicable disease
* HOW?

A
  1. Know the chain of infection –
    prevention or control measures
    can be used at each link
  2. Practice Standard Precautions (barriers, handwashing, disposal of sharps)
63
Q

Prevention of non-communicable
diseases (3)

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

64
Q

– Adequate food supplies (healthy foods)
– Housing
– Education opportunities
– Efficient community services

A

Primary prevention of non-communicable
diseases

65
Q

What are the primary prevention of non-com disease

A

– Adequate food supplies (healthy foods)
– Housing
– Education opportunities
– Efficient community services

66
Q

– Mass screenings for chronic diseases
– Personal screenings

A

Secondary prevention of non-communicable
diseases

67
Q

What are the Secondary prevention of non-communicable
diseases?

A

– Mass screenings for chronic diseases
– Personal screenings

68
Q

– Adequate emergency medical personnel
– Adequate services
– Adequate facilities

A

Tertiary prevention of non-communicable
diseases

69
Q

What are Tertiary prevention of non-communicable
diseases

A

– Adequate emergency medical personnel
– Adequate services
– Adequate facilities

70
Q

Modifiable or Non-Modifiable risk?

Vices (Behavior)

A

Modiafiable

71
Q

Modifiable or Non-Modifiable risk?

Genetics

A

Non-Modifiable

Summer CPH (7 decks)

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