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Summer CPH > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

defined as any condition that deviates the normal physiologic of the body.

A

Disease

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2
Q

abnormal condition of an organism resulting from the disruption of normal body functioning.

A

Disease

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3
Q

can be seen and measured

A

Sign

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4
Q

are felt and cannot be measured

A

Symptoms

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5
Q

combination of signs and symptoms

A

Syndrome

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6
Q

invasion of microbes in a susceptible host

A

Infection

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7
Q

can also be spread but much more easier because its mode of transmission is airborne.

A

Contagious Disease

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8
Q

caused by pathogenic agents which can be transmitted from an infected host to a
non-infected but susceptible host.

A

Communicable Disease

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9
Q

Which is infectious?
Communicable disease or Non-Communicable disease?

A

Communicable disease

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10
Q

cannot be transmitted from a diseased host to a susceptible host.

A

Non-Communicable Disease

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11
Q

start of signs and symptoms

A

Onset

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12
Q

The Onset of Disease can either be

A

Acute or Chronic

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13
Q

Duration (3 months or less)

A

Acute

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14
Q

Duration (longer than 3 months)

A

Chronic

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15
Q
  • Peak severity of symptoms occur and subsides within 3 months or sooner
  • If also it is sudden (onset)
A

Acute

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16
Q

-Recovery is slow and often incomplete
-Signs and symptoms are slowly manifesting (onset)

A

Chronic

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17
Q

This model includes 3 basic elements

A

Communicable Disease model

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18
Q

What are the 3 elements of Communicable disease model?

A

Pathogen, Host , and environment

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19
Q

model that conceptualizes the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a new susceptible host.

A

Chain of Infection

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20
Q

State the levels of Chain of Infection

A
  1. Pathogen
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of Exit
  4. Transmission
  5. Portal of Entry
  6. Disease to another host
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21
Q

Parenteral Route is through

A

Needles

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22
Q

Non-communicable disease can best be visualized by what model

A

Multi-causation disease model

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23
Q

What does multi-causation disease model visualizes?

A

That it is Difficult to discern the Cause

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24
Q

What are the contributing factors of Non-communicable Disease model

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Behavior
  3. Environment
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25
Philippine 4 Major Non-Communicable Disease (Chronic Diseases or Lifestyle Related Diseases):
1. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) 2. Cancer 3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 4. Diabetes Mellitus
26
Rank high among the nation's leading causes of death US
1. Heart Disease 2. Cancer 3. Stroke
27
Blood supply to brain is interrupted
Stroke
28
(4th leading cause of death in US
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
29
(7th leading cause of death in US
Diabetes-type II
30
10th leading cause in US
– Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
31
Brought considerable change on the health status of Filipinos.
Urbanization in pHil
32
Influenced the spread of non-communicable /lifestyle degenerative diseases
Globalization
33
– Increase the risk exposure
Globalization
34
taking action to prevent or delay the onset of illness or injury before pathogenesis occur.
Prevention
35
taking action to control a disease in progress.
Intervention
36
Prevention vs Intervention
Prevention- before the onset of disease Intervention- During the progress of disease
37
means containment of a disease
Control
38
can include both prevention and intervention measures.
Control
39
uprooting or total elimination of a disease from the human population.
Eradication
40
Prioritizing Prevention and Control Efforts: (1-3)
1. Leading cause of death 2. Years of Potential Lost (YPLL) 3. Economic cost to society
41
most common way people prioritize health problems.
Leading cause of death
42
measurement that emphasizes the importance of those diseases that kill people of all ages
Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
43
The U. S. spends ____% of its health care budget on the four leading causes of death.
66.5%
44
Evaluate the impact of a particular disease or health problem
Economic cost to society
45
Examples of Economic cost
1. Cost of tReatment 2. Loss of productivity
46
Levels of Prevention
Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention
47
Prevent or forestall (delay)the occurrence
Primary Prevention
48
Example Primary Prevention
* Vaccines * Diet * Exercise * Non-risky behaviors
49
early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease before the disease becomes advanced and disability becomes severe.
Secondary Prevention
50
Example of Secondary Prevention
Health screenings
51
Retrain, re-educate, rehabilitate patient who has the disability
Tertiary Prevention
52
Prevention of Communicable Diseases (3)
Primary Secondary Tertiary
53
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary * Pasteurization * Antibiotics/antivirals * Disinfectants
Primary Prevention Communicable Disease
54
Primary prevention of Communicable disease
* Pasteurization * Antibiotics/antivirals * Disinfectants
55
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary * Isolation * Surveillance * Quarantine * Drug treatment
Secondary Prevention Communicable Disease
56
Secondary Prevention of Communicable Disease
* Isolation * Surveillance * Quarantine * Drug treatment
57
Primary/Secondary/Tertiary * Control for the individual
Tertiary Prevention Communicable Disease
58
time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Convalescence
59
Pasteurization=
Pasteurization=Sterilization
60
it means complete absence of microbes
Sterile
61
Sterilization in things
Autoclaving
62
Application of preventive measures for the control of a communicable disease * HOW?
1. Know the chain of infection – prevention or control measures can be used at each link 2. Practice Standard Precautions (barriers, handwashing, disposal of sharps)
63
Prevention of non-communicable diseases (3)
Primary Secondary Tertiary
64
– Adequate food supplies (healthy foods) – Housing – Education opportunities – Efficient community services
Primary prevention of non-communicable diseases
65
What are the primary prevention of non-com disease
– Adequate food supplies (healthy foods) – Housing – Education opportunities – Efficient community services
66
– Mass screenings for chronic diseases – Personal screenings
Secondary prevention of non-communicable diseases
67
What are the Secondary prevention of non-communicable diseases?
– Mass screenings for chronic diseases – Personal screenings
68
– Adequate emergency medical personnel – Adequate services – Adequate facilities
Tertiary prevention of non-communicable diseases
69
What are Tertiary prevention of non-communicable diseases
– Adequate emergency medical personnel – Adequate services – Adequate facilities
70
Modifiable or Non-Modifiable risk? Vices (Behavior)
Modiafiable
71
Modifiable or Non-Modifiable risk? Genetics
Non-Modifiable

Summer CPH (7 decks)

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