Environmental Health Hazard Flashcards by Jessa Lou Macaranas

What org defines “Environmental health comprises those aspects
of human health, including quality of life, that
are determined by physical, chemical,
biologic, social, and psychosocial factors in
the environment.”

WHO

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any external factor that negatively affects
your health can be considered an

environmental health hazard.

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Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by _____ in
the environment.

physical, chemical,
biologic, social, and psychosocial factors

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In developing countries with _______ populations , people continue to suffer from traditional risks

large rural

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In developing countries with large rural populations , people continue to suffer from ________

traditional risks

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In developing countries with ______ populations and ________, people are exposed to additional environmental risks

large urban; more industry

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In developing countries with large urban populations and
more industry, people are exposed to _______

additional environmental risks

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Rural or Urban?

unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and indoor smoke from domestic cooking and heating

Rural

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Rural or Urban?
(including exposure to urban, industrial and agrochemical
pollution, as well as industrial accidents)

Urban

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Environmental health hazards (8)

⚫ Land and climate related hazards
⚫ Atmospheric hazards
⚫ Water related hazards
⚫ Food Borne hazards
⚫ Vector Borne Hazards
⚫ Domestic Hazards
⚫ Occupational Hazards
⚫ Infrastructural hazards

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associated with old, heavy and
manufacturing industries and
mining wind-blown dust also a
significant problem in some areas

Out Door Pollution /Air or Atmospheric hazards

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Do outdoor pollution Increases problem in many urban
areas due to road traffic?

Yes

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Hazards which are not new to us; These
hazards have been going on for certain years
in our planet (long before we were born)

Land and Climate Related Hazards

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Common in both lowland coastal and inland
areas, especially in tropics and monsoon areas

Floods

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What is the POSITIVE PERSPECTIVE of Volcanic eruption?

A means to
revive the Earth; To make the land fertile again

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The negative impact of this hazard have
continuously became a problem for
communities; However, its positive impact is that it changes the surface of the Earth,
intended primarily to preserve the existence of life

Drought

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Gases or pollutants that are
emitted from natural phenomenon

Pollutant emission

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Pollutants of concern are:
(Primary pollutants)

 Ozone (O3)
 Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
 Carbon Monoxide (CO)
 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
 Lead (Pb)
 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

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Symbol of Nitrogen Oxide

NOx

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Symbol of Volatile Organic Compounds

VOCs

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Symbol of Suspended Particulate Matter

SPM

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Symbol of Sulfur Dioxide

SO2

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Symbol of Ozone

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Symbol of Carbon Monoxide

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Symbol of Lead

Highly reactive irritating gas with an unpleasant odor that forms in the troposphere (lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere) as major component of photochemical smog

Ozone (O3)

Horizon is usually hazy and sometimes cloudy that we cannot even see what is beyond the horizon; blurred smoke.

Smog

is a chemical reaction activated by light; This is a mixture of more than 100 primary and secondary pollutants formed under the influence of sunlight

Photochemical Smog

A variety of small and light particles, (sometimes they form) aerosols (droplets) suspended in the atmosphere

Suspend Particulate Matter (SPM)

Colorless, odorless gas poisonous to (us) animals. Formed as a result of incomplete combustions of carbon-containing fuels

Carbon Monoxide(CO)

Formed as a result of incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels

(2C + O2 → 2CO)

Health effect of Carbon Monoxide

Will die of asphyxiation in the sense that you will die due to lack of oxygen (Prevents the RBC to accept oxygen)

According to WHO, _______ is also a potential source of carbon monoxide (secondhand smoke)

Cigarette smoke

(A combination of gases composed primarily of) NO (Nitric Oxide), NO2 (Nitrogen Dioxide), N2O (Nitrous oxide)

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

Reddish brown irritating gas that gives photochemical smog its brownish color. Can be converted to nitric acid (HNO3) a major component of acid deposition (acid rain)

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

The reason why if you see smog, it tends to be _______

hazy

Brought about by the conversion of pollutant gases such as nitrogen oxide into nitric acid

ACID DEPOSITION (ACID RAIN)

Nitric acid is then being returned to Earth in the means of _____

rain

the water that comes out from the rain becomes acidic to nature in the sense that it can cause______, especially in metals, and can lead to the destruction of the ecosystem

rust

Colorless, irritating gas formed as a result of combustion from sulfur-containing fossil fuels such as coal and oil

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Sulfur Dioxide can be converted to _______ in the atmosphere which is a major component of acid deposition (acid rain)

sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Solid toxic metal and its compounds, emitted into the atmosphere as (a suspended) particulate matter

Lead (Pb)

As the engines function, the lead that is present in the ______, is being emitted in the atmosphere

fuel

These are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Derived from organic chemicals that are widely used as ingredients in household products. They release organic compounds while in use or even when stored (not in use)

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

 Household products, including:  Paints, paint strippers, and other solvents  Wood preservatives  Aerosol sprays  Cleansers and disinfectants  Moth repellents and air fresheners  Stores fuels and automotive products  Hobby supplies  Dry-cleaned clothing  Pesticide  Other products,

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

A superficial usually whitish growth produced especially on organic matter or living plants by fungi

Mildew

Dandruff, minute scales from hair, feathers, or skin that may be allergenic

Pet Dander

A naturally occurring mineral fiber that was commonly used as an insulation and fireproofing material. It was often used in older buildings to insulate pipes, walls, and ceilings; as a component of floor and ceiling tiles; and sprayed in structures for fireproofing. It is harmless if intact and left alone, but, when disturbed, the airborne fibers can cause serious health problems.

Asbestos

A naturally occurring radioactive gas that cannot be seen, smelled, or tasted. Radon seeps into homes from surrounding soil, rocks, and water, and through openings (cracks, drains, sump pumps etc.) in the foundation and floor.

Radon

Compounds that exist as vapors over the normal range of air pressure and temperatures

Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs)

the planet is covered ___% of water and only ___% made of land or even less because of the effects of climate change

70% water; 30% land

TYPES OF WATER:

Surface Water Ground Water

Surface or Ground water? (Are being contaminated specifically) in urban areas, primarily from industrial and domestic wastes  In rural related pollution areas with co-use of waters for humans (consumption) and livestock

Surface Water

Surface or Ground Water? Are being contaminated primarily because of the leeching effect of pesticides, herbicides, grease, automotive oil, and other forms of contaminants that may tend to percolate into the deepest part of the earth’s crust to contaminate the groundwater

Ground Water

Derived from surface water and groundwater

Drinking water

Associated with poor domestic sanitation and hygiene arrangements

Biological COntamination

Food additives, pesticides, herbicides, chemical agents (in the water) – Rivers

Chemical Contamination

Usually biologic agents that are found in the environment, they are part of the ecosystem and we live among them

Vector borne Hazrads

We can get it from eating raw foods, insect bites, and such

Vector Borne Hazards

Type of Vector o Guinea worm, schistosomiasis o Guinea worm = Dracunculiasis

Water related vector

o Toxoplasmosis, Bubonic Plague o Bubonic Plague = Black Plague (Flea- Y. Pestis)

Animal-related vector

o Sleeping sickness, Bubonic Plague, Malaria, Dengue, and Filariasis

Arthropod related vector

Often associated with over-crowding and poor living conditions

Domestic Problems

– Severe problem in areas lacking organized sewerage system

Sanitation

Lacking; Associated especially with open waste dump sites (E.g. Communities living on, or regularly sorting trough, waste sites)

Waste handling

– Includes residential and industrial waste. Solid waste is usually disposed of in landfills or even being recycled

Municipal Solid waste

Defined as that which is toxic (E.g. Chemical agents that are derived from household products), corrosive (E.g. Acids), flammable (E.g. Gasoline), or ignitable needs to be disposed of properly

Hazardous waste

Derived from powerplants o Sources are commercial power plants, hospitals, and nonmilitary sources nuclear power plants including residential and industrial sources

Nuclear waste

– Basic equipment and structures (roads and bridges, buildings, houses) that are needed for a country, religion, or organization (social community) to function properly

Infrastructure

Because of Traffic Accidents and noise pollution, growing problem in major cities

True. It is an infrastructure hazrad

True or False Industrial Accidents: Associated mainly with poorly regulated chemical industries is Land Hazard

False. It is an infrastructure hazard

Contaminated land: Old industrial sites and waste-dumps is a biological hazard

false. It is an infastructure hazard

Heard when energy from vibrations, traveling through air, liquid, or solid media as pressure waves, is received by the ear.

sound

-Unwanted, unpleasant sound

Noise

Sound volume, that is, its loudness or intensity; Measured and expressed as decibels (dB)

Amplitude

Derived from traffic, trains, buses, lawn mowers, leaf blowers, helicopters, construction noise, low- flying recreational planes, jet skis, air-conditioning units

Noise pollution

Exposure to noise levels higher than ___decibels for long periods of time can cause permanent hearing damage

85 dB

_______ impedes the body's ability to cool itself.

High humidity

Unable to cool itself is a particular problem for the mid-30s.

False. Elderly

Excessive stress is associated with decreased immune function and an increased risk of environmentally related illness. T or F

True

Approximately ____% are in less developed countries (working conditions is more hazardous)

85%

according to the WHO, ____ million workers experience nonfatal injuries and _____ workers are fatally injured (1 million = Workplace injury; about1,000 = Fatal injury/deaths per day)

317 million; 321 million

Approximately_______ is lost from the global economy

$ 1.25 trillion

Reasons for occupational injury/disease:

Lack of training or lack of education in work – Leads to fatal injuries and accidents Lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Leads to diseases, injuries, and even death

Is any abnormal condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by factors associated with employment. It includes acute or chronic illnesses that may be acquired through inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or direct contact

Occupational disease

Inhalation of suspended particulate matter in the extraction of the coal including gases

Coal mining causes respiratory diseases

Is any injury, such as cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation, which results from a work-related event or from a single, instantaneous exposure in the work environment

OCCUPATIONAL INJURY

altered local ecosystems and modified regional climates

Climate Change

Abnormally high temperatures in Europe in the summer of (Year) were associated with at least 27,000 deaths

2003 in Europe -27,000 deaths

2 FORMS OF CLIMATE CHANGE:

Global Cooling Global Warming

This form of Climate change happened in the Ice Age

Global Cooling

Happened rapidly because of because of the intense human activities, increasing human population and development of industries that spews a lot of gases in the atmosphere that contributes to the greenhouse effect

Global Warming

Climate change was estimated to be responsible in 2000 for approximately 2.4% of worldwide diarrhea, and 6% of malaria in some middle- income countries True or False

true

Why there is an increase in Malaria?

Because of human development, we want to use our land for creating communities, cities, houses, bridges, etc. – We destroy forests, their ecosystem and habitats, and mosquitoes will go and breed in urban areas which increases the number of dengue and malaria cases in the cities from time to time

Vector-borne diseases will peak during which climate?

During Warmer months