Communicable disease Flashcards
What type of Causative Agents is this:
Industrial chemicals
Chemical Agents
What type of Causative Agents is this:
Heat
Physical Agents
What type of Causative Agents is this:
Viruses
Biological Agents
What type of Causative Agents is this:
Air pollutants
Chemical Agents
What type of Causative Agents is this:
Radiation
Physical Agents
What type of Causative Agents is this:
Speeding objects and Noise
Physical
an illness
caused by some specific biological
agent or its toxic products that can
be transmitted from an infected
person, animal, or inanimate
reservoir to a susceptible host
Communicable
(infectious) disease
a
disease that cannot be transmitted
from infected host to susceptible host
Noncommunicable
(noninfectious) disease
The establishment of a communicable disease agent in a host organism is called
Infection
many noncommunicable health conditions are
called
multicausation diseases
the ability of a
biological agent to enter and grow
in the host
Infectivity
the capability
of a communicable disease agent to
cause disease in a susceptible host
Pathogenicity
the minimal requirements
for the occurrence and spread
of communicable diseases in a
population—agent, host, and
environment
Communicable disease
model
the cause of the disease or health
problem
Agent (pathogenic agent)
a person or other living
organism that affords subsistence or
lodgment to a communicable agent
under natural conditions
Host
a model
to conceptualize the transmission
of a communicable disease from its
source to a susceptible host
Chain of infection
a person who is sick with a
disease
Case
a person or animal that
harbors a specific communicable
agent in the absence of discernible
clinical disease and serves as a
potential source of infection to others
Carrier
a communicable
disease transmissible under natural
conditions from vertebrate animals
to humans
Zoonosis
a disease that
infects only humans
Anthroponosis
the
immediate transfer of an infectious
agent by direct contact between
infected and susceptible individuals
Direct transmission
communicable disease transmission
involving an intermediate step
Indirect transmission
an inanimate material or
object that can serve as a source of
infection
Vehicle
a living organism, usually an
arthropod (e.g., mosquito, tick, louse,
or flea), that can transmit a communicable agent to susceptible hosts
Vector
the cause of a disease
Etiology
a visual representation of
the host together with various internal and external factors that promote
and protect against disease
Multicausation disease
model
a chronic disease characterized by damage to the coronary
arteries in the heart
Coronary heart disease
(CHD
a chronic disease characterized by damage to blood vessels
of the brain resulting in disruption of
circulation to the brain
Cerebrovascular disease
(stroke)
uncontrolled new tissue growth resulting
from cells that have lost control over
their growth and division
Malignant neoplasm
the spread of cancer
cells to distant parts of the body by
the circulatory or lymphatic system
Metastasis
the planning for and
taking of action to forestall the onset
of a disease or other health problem
Prevention
efforts to control a
disease in progress
Intervention
Eradication
the complete elimination or uprooting of a disease (e.g.,
smallpox eradication)
preventive measures that forestall
the onset of illness or injury during
the prepathogenesis period
Primary prevention
preventive measures that lead to an
early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or injury to limit
disability and prevent more severe
pathogenesis
Secondary prevention
measures
aimed at rehabilitation following
significant pathogenesis
Tertiary prevention
occurs when
exposure to a disease-causing
organism prompts the immune
system to develop antibodies against
that diseas
Active immunity
occurs
when a person receives antibodies
against a disease rather than their
immune system producing them
Passive Community
the separation of
infected persons from those who are
susceptible
Isolation
limitation of freedom of movement of those who
have been exposed to a disease and
may be incubating it
Quarantine
the killing of
communicable disease agents
outside the host, on countertops,
for example
Disinfection
disease agents, such as HIV, that
are transmissible in blood and other
body fluids
Bloodborne pathogens
a set of regulations
promulgated by OSHA that sets forth
the responsibilities of employers and
employees with regard to precautions
to be taken concerning bloodborne
pathogens in the workplace
Bloodborne Pathogens
Standard
Factor contributing to the development of a noncommunicable disease
that cannot be altered by modifying
one’s behavior or environment
Unmodifiable risk factor
Contributor of a noncommunicable
disease that can be altered by modifying one’s behavior or environment
Modifiable risk factor
