Vital Signs: Ch 19 Flashcards
Define Bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate
How many beats is qualified as bradycardia?
Less than 60
Define tachycardia
abnormally fast heart rate
how many beats classifies tachycardia?
more than 100
Orthopnea
Breathing that is so difficult that the patient cannot lie down
What is the normal range for body temp in F?
97-99
What is the average body temp?
98.6
Your patient has a pulse with normal rhythm and volume. What words might you use in charting this?
- Strong and full
- Bounding
What is the name of the pulse in the neck?
Carotid
Popliteal pulse
pulse posterior to the kneecap
Dorsalis Pedis
Pulse on superior surface of the foot
Where is the femoral pulse located?
Groin
What is the expected pulse rate of a newborn?
120-160 BPM
What is the normal respiratory range for an adult?
12-20 respirations per minute
Where is the control center for involuntary respiration located?
medulla oblongata
What blood vessel is used to take blood pressures?
Brachial artery
Two types of sphygmomanometers are:
- Aneroid
- Mercury
Identify the parts of a stethescope
- Diaphragm
- Bell
What is the diaphragm used for?
hearing high pitched sounds
What is the bell used for?
hearing low pitched sounds
What does blood pressure measure?
The pressure/force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries in which it is contained
What does the systolic blood pressure represent?
Pressure in arteries when heart contracts
What does the diastolic blood pressure represent?
Blood pressure when heart muscle is between beats and is resting
What is blood pressure measured in?
Millimeters of mercury
what is the abbreviation for millimeters of mercury?
mmHg
Do you had or subtract a degree for a rectal temp being taken orally?
add degree
How is heat produced in the body?
- cell metabolism
- voluntary/involuntary muscle contractions
- strong emotional states
How is heat lost from the body?
- Radiation
- Conduction
- Convection
What causes a pulse to occur?
- Left ventricle of heart contracts and blood is forced from heart into aorta
- Aorta is filled with blood and must expand to accept blood which creates pulsating waves
What factors affect pulse rate?
- Age
- Gender
- Metabolism
- Physical Exercise
- Emotional status
What factors affect the body temperature?
- Illness
- emotional state
- time of day
- physical exercise
- age
What factors affect blood pressure?
- age
- physical activity
- stress
- smoking
- overweight
Identify 6 sites for taking a pulse
- radial (wrist)
- femoral (groin)
- popliteal (behind knee)
- carotid (neck)
Why is the diastolic pressure lower than the systolic pressure?
-Diastolic is measured diastole when heart is resting
Pyrexia
Low grade fever
Arrhythmia
Irregular/bad pulse
Apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing
Cyanosis
A bluish discoloration of the skin/mucous membranes
Eupnea
Normal respirations
16-20 respirations per minute
rhythm is even and regular and depth is normal
Hypoxia
Reduction in the oxygen supply to the tissues of the body
Respiration
Exchange of oxygen/carbon dioxide between atmosphere and the body cells
Orthopnea
Condition in which breathing is easier when an individual is in a sitting or standing position
Tachypnea
an abnormal increase in respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths/min
bradypnea
an abnormal increase in respiratory rate of less than 10 respirations per min
dyspnea
shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing
tachycardia
abnormally fast heart rate (100+ beats/min)
Bradycardia
abnormally slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/min)
Sphygmomanometer
instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure
Bell (stethoscope)
hearing low pitched noises
Diaphragm (stethoscope)
Hearing high pitched noises
Thready pulse
pulse with decreased volume that feels weak/thin
bounding pulse
pulse with increased volume that feels very strong/full
Carotid Pulse
Pulse in neck area (right below jawline)
Rhonchi
Deep, low-pitched rumbling sound more audible during expiration
Rales
abnormal rattling sound heard when examining lungs w/ stethoscope
Axilla
armpit
Fibrillation
Irregular often rapid heart rate
Frenulum
Connecting fold of membrane serving to support or restrain a part
Afebrile
without fever; normal body temp
febrile
pertaining to a fever
stethoscope
instrument amplifying/hearing sounds produced by body
fever
body temp above normal (pyrexia)
hypertension
high blood pressure
hypotension
low blood pressure
hypoxemia
decrease in oxygen saturation of the blood; may lead to hypoxia
pallor
unhealthy pale appearance
respiratory rate
number of breaths per minute
counted by rise and fall of chest
apical pulse
- left side of chest
- 5th intercostal space
antecubital space
depression in front of elbow
-in blood pressures helps to place cuff
pulse rate
number of beats per minute
average pulse rate?
60-100 BPM
brachial pulse
arm (in front of elbow)
