FINAL EXAM!!! Flashcards
Aseptic
Free from infection
Surgical Asepsis
Practices that keep objects and areas sterile or free from microorganisms
Transient Flora
Microorganisms that reside on the superficial skin layers and are picked up in the course of daily activities
Often pathogenic but can be removed easily from the skin by sanitizing the hands
Malaise
A vague sense of discomfort, weakness, and fatigue that often marks the onset of a disease and continues through the coarse of illness
Bradycardia
An abnormally slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm)
Pulse Pressure
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
External Respiration
Exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
Apnea
The temporary cessation of breathing
Hypoxia
Reduction in the oxygen supply to the tissues of the body
Prognosis
The probable course and outcome of a patient’s condition and the patient’s prospects for recovery
Risk Factor
Anything that increases an individual’s chance of developing a disease
(Some can be avoided and some can’t)
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
Presbyopia
A decrease in the elasticity of the lens that occurs with aging, resulting in a decreased ability to focus on close objects
Pathogen
Disease producing microorganism
Nonpathogen
A microorganism that does not normally produce disease
Opportunistic Infection
An infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend the body from pathogens normally found in the environment
Febrile
Pertaining to fever
Tachypnea
An abnormal increase in the respiratory rate of or more than 20 breaths per min
Bounding Pulse
A pulse with an increased volume that feels very strong and full
Orthopnea
The condition in which breathing is easier when an individual is in a sitting or standing position
Cyanosis
A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
Systole
The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract, sending blood out of the heart and into the aorta and pulmonary aorta; opposite of diastole
Chronic
Existing over a long period of time
Myopia
Nearsightedness
Edema
The retention of fluid in the tissues, resulting in swelling
Astigmatism
A refractive error that causes distorted and blurred vision for both near and far objects due to a cornea that is oval shaped
Normal Flora
Harmless, nonpathogenic microorganisms that normally reside in many parts of the body but do not cause disease
Medical Asepsis
Practices that are employed to inhibit the growth and hinder the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to prevent the spread of infection
Sterilization
The process of destroying all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores
Detergent
An agent that cleanses by emulsifying dirt and oil
Afebrile
without fever; normal body temperature
Tachycardia
An abnormally fast heart rate; more than 100 bpm
Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells
Dyspnea
Shortness of Breath or Difficulty breathing
Hypoxemia
A decrease in the oxygen saturation of the blood. Hypoxemia may lead to hypoxia.
Diastole
The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions; opposite of systole
Erythema
Reddening of the skin caused by dilation of superficial blood vessels in the skin
Crepitus
A grating sensation caused by fractured bone fragments rubbing against each other
Right Eye Abbreviation
OD
Left Eye Abbreviation
OS
Both eyes abbreviation
OU
Right ear abbreviation
AD
Left ear abbreviation
AS
Both ears abbreviation
AU
Where do you take an apical pulse?
Stethoscope is placed over the apex of the heart
fifth intercostal (between the ribs) space at the junction of the left midclavicular line
What artery is used for blood pressure most often?
Brachial Artery
What is the function of a speculum?
an instrument used for opening a body orifice or cavity for viewing
What is an otoscope used for?
Instrument used for examining the external ear canl and tympanic membrane
What is an ophthalmoscope used for?
instrument for examining the interior of the eye
What is a stethoscope/what is it used for?
instrument used for amplifying and hearing sounds produced by the body
What abbreviation do you use to record oxygen saturation as measured by a pulse oximeter?
SpO2
What does it mean if something is sterile? It is free of what?
free of all living microorganisms and spores
What is the most common temperature and pressure for autoclaving?
- 15 lbs of pressure
- 250 degrees F
Abbreviation for Height
Ht
Abbreviation for Weight
Wt
abbreviation for Blood Pressure
BP
abbreviation for last menstrual period
LMP
abbreviation for immediately
STAT
Normal oxygen saturation level for a healthy adult?
95%-99%
what is autoclave tape?
shows it went through the autoclave
Does autoclave tape ensure sterility?
NO
what is used to sterilize articles in the medical office most often?
autoclave
what type of water is used in autoclave?
distilled
abbreviation for by mouth
PO
what is the control center for involuntary respiration?
Medulla Oblongata
Prescription abbreviation
Rx
Treatment abbreviation
Tx
diagnosis abbreviation
Dx
without abbreviation
S w/ line above it
What is the supine position?
Laying face up
What is the supine position used for?
Examining the head, chest, abdomen & extremities
what is the prone position?
laying face down
what is the prone position used for?
to examine the back & assess extension of the hip joint
what is the lithotomy position?
body is supine positioned, with legs separated and in stirrups
what is the lithotomy positioned used for?
vaginal, pelvic & rectal exams
what is fowlers position?
semi-upright sitting position w/ knees bent or straight
what is the fowlers position used for?
examining upper body of patients w/ cardiovascular and respiratory problems
what is sims position?
patient lie on their left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent
what is sims position used for?
- vaginal/rectal exam
- measuring rectal temp
- perform sigmoidoscopy
- to administer an enema
what is dorsal recumbent position?
lies on their back with their knees bent up in an outward position while their feet are planted flat
what is dorsal recumbent used for?
performing vaginal/rectal exams and to insert urinary catheter
palpation
examination of body using sense of touch
examples of palpation
examining breasts
taking pulse
auscultation
listening w/ a stethoscope to the sounds produced within body
examples of auscultation
- listening to heart/lungs
- measuring blood pressure
inspection
observation of patient for any signs of disease; most frequently used
examples of inspection
color, speech, skin condition, body contour and symmetry, body movements, and anxiety level
percussion
tapping w/ fingers and listening to sounds produced
examples of percussion
examining lungs and abdomen
Pulse deficit
apical pulse-radial pulse
arrhythmia
irregular/bad pulse
what do you do if you are questioning sterility?
get new instrument and re-sterilize current one
Normal body temp range
97-99 degrees farenheit
average body temp
98.6 degrees F
urinalysis abbreviation
UA
vital signs abbreviation
V/S
intramuscular abbreviation
IM
with abbreviation
c with line above it
subcutaneous abbreviation
SC
Hyperthermia Symptoms
- temp of 104 degrees F
- Confusion, nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, thirst, dehydration
Systolic meaning
Amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of heart muscle
Diastolic meaning
when your heart muscle is between beats
what does blood pressure mean?
measurement of pressure or force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries in which it is continued
what info does pulse oximetry provide?
info on patients cardiorespiratory status–in particular amount of oxygen being delivered to the tissues of the body
what is included in a complete patient examination?
Health history, physical examination, lab tests
disinfection
the process of cleaning something, especially with a chemical, in order to destroy bacteria
fungicide
a chemical that destroys fungus.
distention
The state of being distended, enlarged, swollen from internal pressure
patent
open/unobstructed
perforation
a hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture passing through or into something
pallor
an unhealthy pale appearance
acute
less than 6 months
visual acuity
sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard
turgor
the degree of elasticity
presbycusis
hearing loss that commonly occurs with old age
how are microorganisms transmitted?
- air droplets
- direct contact
- contaminated food/water
- blood
what causes AIDS?
HIV
What is HIV?
Sexually transmitted infection
weak pulse rate
bradycardia
rapid pulse rate
tachycardia
What would you need to set up for a physical exam?
- Reflex Hammer
- Otoscope
- Tape Measure
- Gloves
- Tuning Fork
- Tongue depressor
