Exam #1 Flashcards
Microorganism
A microscopic plant or animal
Pathogen
A disease producing microorganism
Nonpathogen
A microorganism that does not normally produce disease
Transient Flora
Microorganisms that reside on the superficial skin layers and are picked up in the course of daily activities
Cilia
Slender, Hairlike processes that constantly beat toward the outside to remove microorganisms from the body
Susceptible Host
One that is capable of being infected by the pathogen; low resistance
Anaerobe
A microorganism that grows the best in the absence of oxygen
Aerobe
A microorganism that needs oxygen to live and grow
Exposure Incident
A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from an employees duties
Medical Asepsis
Practices that are employed to inhibit the growth and hinder the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms
Disinfection
Using an agent to destroy pathogenic microorganisms
Sterilization
Process of destroying all forms of microbial life & bacterial spores
OSHA
Occupational Safety Health Administration
CDC
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
OPIM
Other Potentially Infectious Material
Safer Medical Devices
Device that based on reasonable judgement, would make an an exposure incident involving a contaminated sharp less likely
Work Practice Control
Reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which the technique is performed
Ergonomics
Study of maximizing work efficiency by adapting the work environment for optimal physical and mental function
Identify 4 types of microorganisms
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Animal Parasites
6 Basic Requirements for growth and multiplication of microorganisms
Proper Nutrition Oxygen Temperature Darkness Moisture pH
Advantages of hand sanitizers
More accessible than sinks, no rinsing, less time required for hand hygiene
What is PPE and give examples
Personal Protective Equipment
Ex: Gloves, Masks, goggles, gowns
A term used to describe a microorganism that produces disease is known as
Pathogen
Identify methods of transmission of microorganism(s) from one person to another
Direct contact with an infected person or discharge
Ex: Droplets of moisture, coughs, sneezes, contaminated hands and equipment
When does the CDC recommend the use of soap and water to wash the hands?
- When the hands are visibly soiled with dirt or bodily fluids
- Before Eating
- After Using the restroom
Name 3 Factors that would influence one’s resistance to pathogens
Poor Hygiene
Poor Nutrition
Stress
Poor Health
How is HIV transmitted?
Sexual Contact, Needles, Blood, Mother to infant, Breast Milk
How is Hep B transmitted?
Blood, Sexual Contact, Mother to infant during childbirth
Explain how to handle regulated medical waste
Separate regulated waste from the general refuse at its point of origin
Ensure that biohazard containers are closable, leakproof, and suitably constructed to contain the contents
Close lid of sharps container before removing it from exam room
Securely close biohazard bags before removing them from exam room
Transport full biohazard containers to secured area away from public
Explain how to dispose of regulated medical waste
Place biohazard bags/sharps containers in receptacle provided by medical waste service
Store biohazard boxes in locked room inside facility
Tracking record completed when waste is picked up by medical waste service
Are there any body fluids that are not considered OPIM?
Yes; urine, feces, tears, vomit, nasal secretions
Common Household substance that is an inexpensive and effective germicide which will rapidly inactivate HIV
Household Bleach
What is the most common side effect of the Hep B vaccine?
Soreness at injection site
Protective Devices of the body that help prevent microorganisms from entering
Coughing/Sneezing Skin Tears Sweat Mucous Membranes
The most common source of contamination with HIV for health care workers
Being stuck with an HIV contaminated needle/sharp object
What are the main risks for patients with chronic Hepatitis B?
Liver cancer,liver failure & cirrhosis
What type of microorganism causes Hep B/HIV?
Virus
Is there a vaccine for HIV?
Yes, not in the United States
Is there a vaccine for Hep B?
Yes
What is the schedule for administration of the Hep B vaccine?
0,1,6 months
Purpose of OSHA’s Exposure Control Plan
Written document stipulating the protective measures that must be followed in that medical office to eliminate or minimize employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens and OPIM
Purpose of OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
To provide a safe working environment for health care workers
Purpose of Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act
Aims to reduce needlesticks and the use of safer medical devices
Engineering Control
All measures and devices that isolate or remove the blood borne pathogens hazard from the workplace
Work Practice Control
Reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which the technique is performed
Occupational Exposure
Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employees duties
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
Treatment administered to an individual after exposure to an infectious disease, to prevent the disease
Body Mechanics
- Using your body efficiently and effectively
- Maintain good body alignment and optimal use of muscles
- Base of Support & Center of Gravity
Ergonomics
Study of maximizing work efficiency by adapting the work environment for optimal physical and mental function
List the guidelines for lifting and moving patients or something heavy
Keep feet shoulder width apart Use large muscles of legs--not back Pivot the body-not just upper body Pull or push rather than lift Avoid lifting above your head-step stool Hold heavy objects close to your body Bend from the knees when lifting
Guidelines for PPE
Alternative provided for employees allergic to latex
Replace gloves as soon as possible when contaminated
PPE must be removed before leaving medical office
Used PPE must be placed in appropriate designated area
PPE provided at no cost to employees
Utility gloves can be decontaminated/reused
When to use Handwashing
Hands visibly soiled with dirt or bodily fluids
Before eating
After using restroom
When to use Antiseptic Handwashing
Before assisting with minor office surgery
When to use OH Based hand rub
Used to sanitize hands when they are not visibly soiled
Precautions to prevent HIV infection of health care workers
Use PPE !!!
Medical Asepsis definition
reduces number of organisms and prevents their spread
Examples of Medical Asepsis
Ex: Hand Hygiene,PPE
Surgical Asepsis definition
Includes procedures to remove all microorganisms from a specific area
Examples of Surgical Asepsis
Ex: Sterilization of surgical instruments, sterile gloves
