Minor Office Procedures Exam Review Flashcards
What is a Mayo tray?
A broad, flat metal tray placed on a stand that can be used to hold sterile instruments and supplies
Why practice surgical asepsis?
Surgical asepsis protects the patient from pathogenic microorganisms that may enter the body and cause disease
Can we sterilize skin? Why do we apply antiseptic to skin before procedures?
- No, we can’t sterilize the skin because we can’t completely get rid of germs/bacteria as some are natural
- Antiseptic is applied to reduce the number of microorganisms that are present
What are the functions of a bandage? (3 or 4 at least)
- Apply pressure to control bleeding
- Protect a wound from contamination
- Hold a dressing in place
- Protect, support, or immobilize an injured part of the body
Why are punctures more susceptible to infection than abrasions or lacerations?
They are deeper cuts so they are harder to clean and have more of an ideal environment for bacteria to grow
Why are minor surgical procedures done with sterile technique?
to make equipment and areas free from all microorganisms and to maintain that sterility. Helps prevent infection.
What is meant by functional position?
position in which it is to be used
How do you open the top flap of a sterile pack?
Grasp each thumb and rolling hands outward, pull the package apart. The top flap always needs to be pulled upward.
What is meant by ‘palming a label’ and why is it done?
Covering the label with the palm of your hand when you grasp a bottle to pour it so that if any were to spill it would not spill on the label. It is to protect it since the label has important information that is needed on it.
Describe Serous Exudate
Watery and clear
Describe Sanguineous Exudate
o Red & Consists of RBC’s (Bright red=fresh bleeding & dark blood=older bleeding)
o Results when capillaries are damaged
Describe Purulent Exudate
o Contains pus and is white in color
o Thick and has unpleasant odor
Describe Serosanguineous exudate
o Red & Consists of RBC’s
What does suppuration mean?
process of pus formation
Define infection.
The condition in which the body, or part of it, is invaded by a pathogen
Define exudates.
Medical term for drainage
What does the term approximate mean?
Means bring together
What is a fenestrated drape? Why is it used?
- Most commonly used and has an opening that is placed directly over the operative site. Covers a wide area of skin around the operative area, leaving only operative site exposed.
- This provides a sterile area around the operative site and decreases contamination of the patients surgical wound
How are instruments with ratchets stored?
In an open position
Define nevus
Mole
Define Furuncle
Boil
Define Ecchymosis
Bruise
Define sebaceous cyst
o Thin, closed sac or capsule located just under the surface of the skin
o Usually a dome shaped mass with a smooth surface that is filled with think, fatty white material that has a foul odor
Define Abscess
collection of pus in a cavity surrounded by inflamed tissue
Define Incision/Drainage and why is it done ?
Used when abscesses, furuncles, and infected sebaceuous cysts don’t rupture/drain on their own . Scalpel is used to make the incision and the drainage is taken out.
Arrange the following suture in size from the largest in diameter to smallest: 6-0, 4, 0, 2-0, 1
- 4, 1, 0, 2-0, 6-0
- (Size 7-0 sutures are very fine and size 5 sutures are really heavy)
What is the function of sutures?
- They bring together the edges of the wound with surgical stitches and hold them in place until enough healing has taken place so that the wound can withstand ordinary stress and no longer need support from the sutures
- Protect wound from further contamination and minimize the amount of scar formation
What is the name of sutures that can be digested by tissue enzymes?
-Absorbable sutures
What information is found on the label of a swaged suture packet?
- Labeled to specify the gauge, type, and length of suture material, the type of needle point (cutting or noncutting), and the needle shape (curved or straight)
What are staples used for? How are they removed?
- Used to close wounds
- Fastest method of closure of long skin incisions
- Removed using suture scissors
What type of suture needles requires the use of a needle holder?
-The curved needle requires the use of a needle holder
Define cutting needle
Sharp point and is used for firm tissues such as skin. The sharp point helps the needle push through the tissue.
Define noncutting needle
Used to penetrate tissues that offer a small amount of resistance, such as the fascia, intestine, liver, spleen, kidneys, muscle.
Define Curved needle
Permit the physician to dip in and out of the tissue
Define Straight needle
Used when the tissue can be displaced sufficiently to permit the needle to be pushed and pulled through the tissue.
Define Swaged needle
The suture and needle are one continuous unit. Reduces tissue trauma and the suture material does not slip off.
What are the phases of healing?
1- Inflammatory Phase
2- Granulation Phase
3-Maturation Phase
What is the inflammatory phase?
o Lasts 3-4 days
o A fibrin network is formed resulting in a blood clot that plugs the opening of the wound and stops the flow of blood
What is the Granulation Phase?
o Lasts 4-20 days
o Fibroblasts migrate to the wound and begin to synthesize collagen
o Growth of new capillaries during this phase to provide damaged tissue with an abundant supply of food
What is the maturation phase?
o Can last up to 2 years
o Collagen continues to be synthesized and the granulation tissue eventually hardens to white scar tissue
What are the parts of an instrument?
Tips, Blades, Box Lock, Ratchets, Ring Handles
What is a sterile wick?
- Promotes drainage of fluid from an infected wound
Why would we use anesthetic with epinephrine?
- It is a vasoconstrictor and is used when blood flow needs to be slowed down
What is a recurrent turn bandage? Where is it used?
- Series of back and forth turns used to bandage the tips of the fingers or toes, the stump of an amputated extremity or the head. (THINK THE V’S THAT LINE UP)
Identify principles of sterile technique the MA must follow when assisting with a surgical procedure
- Never turn your back on the sterile field
- Do not reach over sterile field/strongly avoid
- Sterile only touches sterile
- Outer 1 inch border is considered contaminated so avoid the border
- Anything below waist level is considered contaminated
- If sterile field becomes wet it is contaminated
What bandage is used to immobilize a sprain?
- The figure eight turn
What is a sebaceous cyst?
- Thin, closed sac or capsule located just under the surface of the skin
- Usually a dome shaped mass with a smooth surface that is filled with think, fatty white material that has a foul odor
A sebaceous cyst can occur on any part of the body except what?
except palms of hands and soles of the feet
How is the lid from a container of sterile solution placed on a counter? (open end up or down)
CUP IS SET OPEN SIDE UP
When more time is needed for healing, suture material may be coated with……
CHROMIUM
Define Abrasion
A wound in which the outer layers of the skin are damaged; a scrape
Define Contusion
An injury to the tissues under the skin that causes blood vessels to rupture, allowing blood to seep into the tissues; a bruise
Define Laceration
A wound in which the tissues are torn apart, leaving ragged and irregular edges
Define Inflammation
A protective response of the body to trauma and the entrance of foreign matter. The purpose of inflammation is to destroy invading microorganisms and to remove damaged tissue debris from the area so that proper healing can occur.
Define Puncture
a wound made by a sharp-pointed object piercing the skin
Define Open Wound
Involve a break in the surface of the skin or mucous membrane that exposes the underlying tissues
Define Closed Wound
Injury to the underlying tissue of the body without a break in the skin surface or mucous membrane
Define Post Operative
After a surgical operation
Define Cauterization
is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body to remove or close off a part of it.
what do you measure wounds in?
centimeters
What do hemostats do?
clamp off blood vessels
what are the parts of a scalpal?
handle and a blade
what do operating scissors do?
cut an edge or cut through tissue
what are tissue forceps used for?
grasp tissue
characteristics of thumb forceps….
thing and long, with serrated tips
what is the difference between infection and inflammation?
There is a fever present with an infection
Symptoms of Inflammation
- Redness
- Swelling
- Pain
- Heat
- Immobility
Symptoms of Infection
- Fever
- Pain from Wound
- Swelling
- Loss of function/movement
What is another name for a bruise??
HEMATOMA
What is a ratchet?
lock in hemostat
