Prenatal/OB Exam Review Flashcards
What is the normal fetal pulse rate?
120-160 beats per min
What is the significance of protein in the urine of a pregnant patient?
could mean UTI or PREECLEMPSIA
What is the significance of glucose in the urine of a pregnant patient?
Could mean gestational diabetes or a prediabetic condition
Purpose of prenatal care
to make sure mom and baby are healthy
What is EDD of woman with LMP of 4-25-12?
Feb 1, 2013
Dilation (of cervix)
The stretching of the external os from an opening of a few mm wide to an opening large enough to allow passage of infant
How far does the cervix dilate?
approx 10cm
Colposcopy
Examination of the cervix using a colposcope
What is a colposcope?
Lighted instrument with a magnifying lens
Nagel’s Rule
+7 days
-3 months
+ 1 Year
Quickening
The first time the mama feels the baby move
Puerperium
time in which body systems return to prepregnancy state
How long does Puerperium take?
4-6 weeks after birth of baby
Placenta abruptio
Placenta prematurely and abruptly separates from the uterine lining
What is the treatment for placenta abruptio?
DELIVERY ASAP
EDC
Estimated Date of Confinement
EDD
Estimated Date of Delivery
primigravida
woman who is pregnant for the first time
Perineum
The external region between the vaginal orifice and the anus in a female
Amenorrhea
The absence or cessation of the menstrual period
When does amenorrhea usually occur?
Normally before puberty, during pregnancy, and after menopause
menopause
the permanent cessation of menstruation
what age does menopause usually occur?
between 45-55
menorrhagia
excessive bleeding during a menstrual period
Gestation
another term for pregnancy or period of time of being pregnant
Dysplasia
- The growth of abnormal cells
- Precancerous condition that may or may not lead to cancer
Dyspareunia
Pain in the vagina or pelvis experienced by woman during sex
Dysmenorrhea
Pain associated with the menstrual period
Perimenopause
- Before onset of menopause
- Phase when the woman w/ regular periods changes to irregular cycles and increased periods of amenorrhea
Prenatal
Before birth
Braxton Hicks Contractions
- Intermittent & Irregular painless uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy
- Usually occur more at end of pregnancy
Engagement
Entrance of the fetal head or the presenting part into the pelvic inlet
FHT
Fetal Heart Rate
When is the fetal heart rate usually heard at?
5-6 weeks
Toxemia
Another name for Pre-eclampsia
3 symptoms of Pre-eclampsia
- High blood pressure
- Protein in urine
- swelling of hands/feet
Lochia Rubra
the first discharge, Composed of blood, shreds of fetal membranes
What color is Lochia Rubra?
Red because of large amounts of blood it contains
How long does Lochia Rubra last usually?
First 3 days after birth
What is the time period of lochia serosa?
4-10 days after birth
What does lochia serosa contain?
blood, mucus, uterine tissue
Placenta Previa
Placenta implants low in uterus and partially or completely covers cervical os
Fundus
Dome shaped upper portion of the uterus between the fallopian tubes
Episiotomy
a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth
Striae Gravidarum
Stretch Marks
Amniocentesis
Surgical puncturing of amniotic sac through abdomen
What does amniocentesis diagnose?
- genetic mishaps
- congenital anomalies
- chromosomal defects
- lung capacity of fetus
Ectopic Pregnancy
A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus
ectopic
abnormal place/positioning
antenatal
before birth; prenatal
Linea Nigra
brownish pregnancy line that appears on abdomen
Maturation Index (MI)
ratio obtained by performing a random cell count of the three major cell types shed from the vaginal squamous epithelium: parabasal, intermediate, and superficial cells
Metrorrhea
Discharge of mucus or pus from the uterus.
Pelvimetry
measurement of the female pelvis
Effacement
Thinning & Shortening of the cervical canal from its normal length of 1-2cm to a structure with paper thin edges in which there is no canal at all
Is fundal height included in first visit?
NO
What weeks is a woman tested for strep B?
weeks 35-37
What is the purpose of effacement?
Permit the passage of the infant into the birth canal
FHR
Fetal Heart Rate
Doppler Device
- hand-held ultrasound transducer used to detect the fetal heartbeat for prenatal care
- uses the Doppler effect to provide an audible simulation of the heart beat.
Presentation
part of the fetus that is closest to the cervix and is delivered first
Colonoscopy
Visualization of the rectum ad the entire colon using a colonoscope
Multipara
a woman who has completed 2 or more pregnancies to the age of fetal viability regardless of whether they ended in live infants or stillbirths
Primipara
woman who has carried a pregnancy to fetal viability for the first time regardless if the baby was stillborn or alive at birth
how many weeks is considered a viable birth?
20 weeks
what is purpose of checking urine in prenatal visits?
to look for proteins and sugars
Lab work done at the first prenatal exam…
- pap smear
- gonorrhea & chlamydia tests/cultures
- wet prep for vaginitis
- Blood tests (CBC, Hct, Hbg, HBV, HIV, Rubella Titer, GCT, VDRL, group B strep)
- Urine tests (physical, chemical, microscopic, pregnancy test)
Purposes of measuring fundal height
- first measurement used as guideline for all other measurements in preg
- provides rough estimate of duration of pregnancy
Eclampsia
Toxemia of pregnancy
Symptoms of Eclampsia
- presence of protein in urine
- high BP
- sudden weight gain
Colostomy
an opening in the large intestine, or the surgical procedure that creates one
Risk factors for developing pre-eclampsia
- Primigravida under age 18 or primigravida over age 35
- Pre-existing cardiovascular and renal conditions
- Pre-existing diabetes
Fetoscope
let’s you listen to baby and hear any distress
para
living children
Nuva Ring
Stays in 3 weeks and comes out for the 4th wk so you get your period
Barrier methods of contraception
- condoms (male & female)
- contraceptive sponges
- spermicides
Non-Barrier methods of contraception
- abstinence
- birth control pill
- depoprevera shot
- contracpetive patch
- vaginal ring
Gravity
the # of times a woman has been pregnant
Parity
the # of times a woman has given birth to a fetus with a gestational age of 20 + weeks
Triple screen test detects…
Neural defects
