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Fundamentals and Gerontologic Nursing > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

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1
Q

Thermoregulation

A

physiological and behavioral mechanismsregulate the balance between heat lost and heat produced.

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2
Q

Vasodilation

A

widening of blood vessels to encourage heat loss

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3
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow to the skin and extremities, conserving heat.

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4
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate

A

heat produced by the body at absolute rest

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5
Q

Radiation

A

transfer of heat from teh surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two.

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6
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact

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7
Q

convection

A

transfer of heat away by air movement. Increases when moist skin comes into contact with slightly moving air

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8
Q

Evaporation

A

transfer of heat energy when liquid is changed to gas

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9
Q

Pyrogens

A

substances that cause a rise in body temperature, as in the case of bacterial toxins

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10
Q

FUO

A

fever of unknown origin- undetermiend case

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11
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

A

hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when susceptible people have certain anesthetic drugs. Very high fever with surgery. Temperature keeps climbing- quickly can affect brain

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12
Q

ventilation

A

the movement of gases in and out of the lungs

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13
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells

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14
Q

external respiration

A

from alveoli to blood

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15
Q

internal respiration

A

capillary bed to toe tissue

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16
Q

perfusion

A

the distribution of RBC to and from the pulmonary capillaries

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17
Q

eupnea

A

normal rate and depth of ventilation

18
Q

bradypnea

A

rate of breathing is regular, but abnormally slow (less than 12 breaths per minute) slower than the range for that age

19
Q

tachypnea

A

rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid (greater than 20 breaths per minute)

20
Q

apnea

A

respirations cease for several seconds. persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest

21
Q

hypoventilation

A

respiratory rate abnormally low, and depth of ventilation is depressed Hypercarbia

22
Q

hyperventilation

A

rate and depth of respirations increased Hypocarbia

23
Q

regular respiration rhythm

A

even and same height wave curves

24
Q

Cheyne- Stokes

A

respiratory rate and depth are irregular, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation. Respiratory cycle begins with slow shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rates and depth. The pattern reverses- breathing slows and becomes shallow, climaxing in apnea before respiration resumes. Happens in dying patient or when have neurological difficulties

25
Q

Kussmaul

A

respirations are abnormally deep regular and increased in rate. Exaggerated hyperventilation. Usually in acidoic condition

26
Q

Biots

A

respirations are abnormally shallow for two or three breaths followed by irregular period of apnea- neurological injury

27
Q

Ataxic

A

irregular- neurological injury

28
Q

Bradypnea

A

shallow

29
Q

P-wave

A

atrial contraction

30
Q

Q wave

A

normally small (larger on MI)

31
Q

ORS

A

ventricle squeeze

32
Q

ST

A

segment before repolarization

33
Q

T

A

repolarization, recharge and ions go back across membrane to get ready for next beat

34
Q

Hypovolemia

A

abnormally low circulating blood volume

35
Q

Huff Couch

A

make coughing sound to rattle bronchial tube

36
Q

Cascade cough

A

seriies of small coughs to move stuff up

37
Q

Pursed lip breathing

A

used when patients have trouble with air trapping- COPD. Puts positive pressure back on airway to exhale longer and get more air out

38
Q

Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale

A

assess shortness of breath

39
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

reduction in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure by at least 20 or 10 mmHg respectively within 1-4 minutes of standing after being recumbent for at least 5 minutes

40
Q

Postprandial Hypotension

A

systolic blood pressure reduction of 20 mmHg or more within 2 hours of eating a meal

Fundamentals and Gerontologic Nursing (16 decks)

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