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Patient Care > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.

-The bodies “steady state” is maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival

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2
Q

How many types of feedback mechanisms are there?

A

Two.
Negative
Positive

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3
Q

True or false
The bodies feedback processes are predominantly positive

A

False. Mostly negative.

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4
Q

Mechanisms for Homeostasis

A

-heartbeat
-blood pressure
-body temp
-respiratory rate
-electrolyte balance

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5
Q

What are the vital signs?

A

-body temp
-pulse rate
-blood pressure
-respiratory rate
-mental state
-sensorium

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6
Q

What is normal temperature?

A

97.6-100

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7
Q

What are normal respirations for an adult?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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8
Q

What are normal respirations for a child?

A

20 to 30 breaths per minute

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9
Q

What is normal pulse rate for an adult?

A

60 to 100 BPM

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10
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for a child?

A

70 to 120 BPM

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11
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

Systolic lesser than or equal to 120 mmHg
Diastolic lesser than or equal to 80 mmHg

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12
Q

What does the negative feedback Loop do?

A

Reduces changes to bring body back to normal

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13
Q

What does a positive feedback loop do?

A

Increase changes until specific goal is reached (childbirth, blood clot)

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14
Q

What gland plays a role in preservation of heat (shivering) and regulation of heat loss (diaphoresis)

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

What are the different ways of measuring body temperature?

A

-oral
-axillary
-tympanic (close to rectal)
-temporal
-infrared
-rectal (1° higher than oral)

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16
Q

What is the temperature that signifies hypothermia?

A

Below 97.6°F. It increases metabolic rate.

17
Q

What is the temperature that signifies hyperthermia?

A

Oral temperature higher than 100°F

18
Q

What is the temperature that signifies hyperthermia?

A

Oral temperature higher than 100°F

19
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for newborns?

A

30 to 60

20
Q

During inspiration the diaphragmatic muscles;

A

-move downward
-Push abdominal content
-Expand chest cavity
-Allow relaxation and air rushes in into lungs

21
Q

What is normal pulse rate for a newborn?

A

100-160 BPM

22
Q

In certain circumstances, where is the last place you can feel the pulse?

A

Carotid artery

23
Q

During CPR, typically pulse is measured at _______________

A

Carotid artery

24
Q

In critical care settings, pulse rate may be measured with a ___________ _____________.

A

Pulse oximeter

25
Q

Listening to heart via stethoscope over which side of the chest?

A

Left side

26
Q

What is the name for the pulse obtained by auscultation (listening to sounds of the body via stethoscope)?

A

Apical pulse

27
Q

What should oxygen saturation levels be at?

A

95% to 100%

28
Q

Cardiac ventricular contraction is ___________ ______________.

A

Systolic pressure

29
Q

Cardiac ventricular relaxation is ______________ _______________

A

Diastolic pressure

30
Q

What is normal value for systolic pressure?

A

Less than 120 mmHg

31
Q

What is the normal value for diastolic pressure?

A

Less than 80 mmHg

32
Q

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

33
Q

Blood pressure is typically over the _____________ _____________.

A

Brachial artery

34
Q

When taking blood pressure you inflate cuff to exceed ______________ _______________ in the artery

A

Systolic pressure

35
Q

When taking blood pressure measurement, you release air and cuff until pressure and cuff matches ______________ ________________.

A

systolic pressure

36
Q

When taking blood pressure, when no sounds are heard anymore the ______________ _____________ value has been reached

A

Diastolic pressure

37
Q

Define hypotension

A

Below normal blood pressure

38
Q

Define hypotension

A

Below normal blood pressure

39
Q

Define hypertension

A

Above normal blood pressure often referred to as “the silent killer” as patient is typically asymptomatic

Patient Care (4 decks)

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