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Patient Care > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of disease?

A

Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of the body.

Caused by microorganisms and characterized by tissue damage with symptoms.

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2
Q

What is infection?

A

Establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host, resulting in injury to the host.

Caused by pathogenic organisms.

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3
Q

What are the three functions of pathogens?

A
  • Multiply and cause obstructions
  • Cause tissue damage
  • Secrete organic exotoxins
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4
Q

List the four basic types of pathogens.

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Fungi
  • Parasitic protozoa
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of bacteria?

A
  • Microscopic, single-celled organisms
  • Prokaryotes—lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
  • Reside in host as a colony
  • Classified as cocci, bacilli, and spirals
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6
Q

What is the gram staining technique used for?

A

To classify bacteria.

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7
Q

What are the two forms of fungi?

A
  • Yeast
  • Molds
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8
Q

What are the classifications of diseases caused by fungi?

A
  • Superficial
  • Cutaneous
  • Subcutaneous
  • Systemic
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9
Q

How are parasitic protozoa classified by motility?

A
  • Ameboid
  • Flagellum
  • Cilia
  • Sporozoans
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10
Q

What are the steps involved in the establishment of an infectious disease?

A
  • Encounter
  • Entry
  • Spread
  • Multiplication
  • Damage
  • Outcome
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11
Q

What are the two types of entry for infectious organisms?

A
  • Ingression
  • Penetration
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12
Q

What are the two forms of damage caused by microbes?

A
  • Direct
  • Indirect
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13
Q

What are the three possible outcomes of an infectious disease state?

A
  • Host gains control and eliminates the agent
  • Infectious agent overcomes host’s immunities
  • Host and agent live in a symbiotic state
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14
Q

What are the links in the chain of infection?

A
  • Host
  • Infectious microorganism
  • Mode of transportation
  • Reservoir
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15
Q

What are the two avenues of disease transmission?

A
  • Exogenous
  • Endogenous
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16
Q

Define health care-associated infections.

A

Infection acquired while in the care of a medical provider.

17
Q

What factors encourage nosocomial infections?

A
  • Environment
  • Therapeutic regimen
  • Equipment
  • Contamination during medical procedures
18
Q

What are the two types of blood-borne pathogens of concern in hospitals?

A
  • HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
  • HBV (hepatitis B virus)
19
Q

What does HIV specifically infect?

A

CD4+ T cells

20
Q

What is the primary effect of HBV?

A

Affects the liver, resulting in swelling, soreness, and loss of normal liver function.

21
Q

What are the internal defense mechanisms of the body?

A
  • Mechanical barriers
  • Chemical processes
  • Cellular processes
22
Q

What are standard precautions?

A

Features of both body fluid precautions and body substance isolation used during procedures involving blood and body fluids.

23
Q

What are the three common types of transmission-based precautions?

A
  • Airborne
  • Droplet
  • Contact
24
Q

What is asepsis?

A

Freedom from infection.

25
Q

What is the most effective method of sterilization?

A

Heat, specifically moist heat with pressure.

26
Q

What are the two types of hand-washing techniques?

A
  • Medically aseptic hand-washing
  • Surgical asepsis
27
Q

What does the term ‘nosocomial infections’ refer to?

A

Infections acquired in the hospital setting.

28
Q

What is the importance of hand washing?

A

It is the simplest method of environmental control of microbes.

29
Q

True or False: Viruses are affected by antibiotics.

A

False

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a survival form of the bacterium that is metabolically dormant and highly resistant to external environment.

A

endospore

31
Q

What is a virion?

A

A virus that cannot live outside a living cell.

Patient Care (11 decks)

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