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Patient Assessment > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

General Symptoms

A

fatigue
generalized weakness
fever
chills
night sweats
weight change
pain

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2
Q

Fatigue is associated with

A

depression/anxiety
low blood count
stress
endocrine DX
viral
cancer
autoimmune
heart failure
liver or respiratory disease
electrolyte

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3
Q

Fever and chills

A

ask: Associated symptoms? Travel? sick contacts? medication use?

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4
Q

Fever maskers

A

NSAIDS
immunocompromised
older pts

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5
Q

Causes of Night Sweats

A

menopause
TB
Malignancy
Medications
drug addiction
thyroid disease

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6
Q

Weight Gain considerations

A

-excessive Kcal
-fluid retention
-medications (birth control, corticoid steroids, antidepressants, diabetetic meds)

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7
Q

Weight Loss

A

loss of 5%s over a 6-month period
-intentional vs unintentional
-malignancy, stress, older age, medications, GI disease, endocrine disorder, smoking, dentistry, social factors)

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8
Q

Acute pain

A

lasting hours, days or weeks
gradually resolves as injury heals
-surgery, trauma, acute illness

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9
Q

Chronic Pain

A

-not associated with cancer or other medical condition persisting>3-6mths
-Acute pain that lasts longer than a month
-Pain recurring at intervals

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10
Q

Nociceptive (somatic) pain

A

linked to tissue damage to the body
-acute or chronic
-dull, pressing, pulling, throbbing, boring, spasmodic, colicky

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11
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

-direct consequence of lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system
-persists after healing from injury
-“electric shock, pins and needles, stabbing, burning)

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12
Q

OLDCARTSS

A

Onset, location, duration, character, aggravating and alleviating, radiation, timing, severity, symptoms

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13
Q

General Survey

A

Apparent state of health
level of consciousness
discomfort or distress (explain)
skin color or lesion
hygiene or grooming
facial expression
odors
posture/gait
height/weight

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14
Q

Nevi

A

Birthmark

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15
Q

Stadiometers

A

height measurment

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16
Q

BMI calculation

A

(Weight (lbs)/(Height in.)^2) x703

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17
Q

Underweight

A

<18.5 kg/m2

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18
Q

Normal BMI

A

18.5-24.5 kg/m2

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19
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-29.9 kg/m2

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20
Q

Obesity class 1 bmi

A

30.0-34.9 kg/m2

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21
Q

Obesity class 2

A

35-39.9 kg/m2

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22
Q

Obesity class 3

A

> 40 kg/m2

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23
Q

if BP cuff is too small Bp is

A

High

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24
Q

If BP cuff is too large Bp is

A

low

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25
Q

Palpated Radial Pulse Obliteration Pressure

A

Inflate cuff and feel when you stop feeling radial pulse
-add 30 mmHg to determine target level for BP cuff
-avoids error from auscultatory gap

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26
Q

Auscultatory gap

A

silent interval between systolic and diastolic
-record the auscultatory gap in your documentation

27
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

heart beatNO

28
Q

Normal difference between arms BP

A

5-10mmHg

29
Q

Causes for abnormal BP pressure difference between arms

A

subclavian steal syndrome
supravalvular aortic stenosis
aortic dissection

30
Q

Normal BP

A

120/80

31
Q

Elevated BP

A

systolic= 120-129 AND
Diastolic=<80

32
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

systolic=130-139
OR
diastolic= 80-90

33
Q

Stage 2 hypertension

A

systolic= >140
OR
diastolic= >90

34
Q

Between two BP categories?

A

Use higher category

35
Q

Orthostatic BP measurment

A

Measure BP with pt lying supine
repeat with pt standing

36
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

Drop in SBP>20mmHg
Drop in DBP >10mmHG

37
Q

Causes of orthostatic hypotension

A

Blood loss
older age
anemia
medications
POTS

38
Q

White coat hypertension

A

isolated clinic hypertension
clinic bp >140/90 but normal at home
-does not need treatment

39
Q

Masked Hypertension

A

Clinic BP <140/90 but elevated BP >135/85 at home
-untreated= risk of CVD, end organ damage

40
Q

Tachycardia

A

> 100 bpm

41
Q

Bradycardia

A

<60bpm

42
Q

If irregular HR rhythm

A

OBTAIN EKG to identify rhythm

43
Q

Apnea

A

cessation of breathing longer than 10 seconds

44
Q

Tachypnea

A

RR>20brpm

45
Q

Bradypnea

A

RR <12brpm

46
Q

Signs of labored breathing

A

nasal flaring
accessory muscle use
intercostal retractions
position of breathing

47
Q

Normal body temp

A

98.6 F
37 C

48
Q

Pyrexia

A

> 100.4 F

49
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

extreme elevation
>106 F

50
Q

Hypothermia

A

95 F

51
Q

Worse way to measure temperature

A

axillary

52
Q

Best way to measure temperature

A

Rectally

53
Q

avoid oral temp on

A

unconscious patients
Restless pts
pts unable to close their mouth
pts who cant follow directions

54
Q

Rectal Temperature

A

lubricate the tip
1.5 inches insertion
preferred in pediatric pts with fever

55
Q

Rapid shallow breathing

A

Quick inspiration and expiration
-consider salicylate intoxication, lung disease, chest pain, elevated diaphragm

56
Q

Rapid deep breathing

A

Hyperpnea (in response to metabolic demand)
Hyperventilation (rapid breathing independent of metabolic demand)
Kussmaul breathing

57
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

compensatory over breathing due to systemic acidosis
-common in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

58
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing
long periods of no inhalation and expiration
-consider uremia, drug induced, increased ICP

59
Q

Cheyne stokes Breathing

A

Periods of increased inspiration and expiration/increased rate followed by apnea

-normal in children and adults while sleeping
-consider: heart failure, drug induced respiratory depression, TBI

60
Q

Ataxic (Biot) breathing

A

irregular rate, inspiration and expiration
-consider: meningitis, respiratory depression, and brain injury (medulla level)

61
Q

Sighing respiration

A

Eupnea with periods of increased inspirations
hyperventilation syndrome- suggested by frequent signs (causes dyspnea and dizziness)

62
Q

Obstructive breathing

A

Prolong expiration
-narrow airways that increase the resistance of airflow
-consider: asthma, Chronic bronchitis, COPD

63
Q

Vital Signs

A

Ht (feet, inches)
Wt (lbs)
BMI (kg/m2)
BP (mmHg), which limb, standing or sitting
Pulse (bpm), regular or irregular
Respirations (brpm), labored?
Temperature (F or C), how it was taken?
Pulse Ox (%), RA or Supplement O2

Patient Assessment (20 decks)

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