Derm Flashcards
sebaceous glands
- fatty substance secreted onto the skin surface through hair follicules
- all skin except palms and soles
2 types of sweat glands
- eccrine
- apocrine
widely distributed glands that open directly onto skin surface & helps control body temp
eccrine gland
glands primarily in the axillary and genital area that open directly onto skin surface & are stimulated by emotional stress
apocrine glands
what causes body ordor
bacterial decomposition of apocrine sweat
function of skin
- vitamin D synthesis
- barrier and immunologic fxn
- melanin production
- sensation
- temp regulation
- protection from trauma
- aesthetrics
skin color determined by
- melanin
- carotene
- bilirubin
- hemoglobin
Fitzpatrick skin type classification scale
- very fair
- fair
- light brown
- moderate/olive
- dark brown
- deeply pigmeneted dark brown
- lesions
- pruritis
- hair loss & nail change
are
concerning symptoms
what to note about new lesions
- type, location, onset, changes, associated sx
- family history
- date of last skin check
- sunscreen use
- immunosuppression
generalized itching w/o rash can be due to
- dry skin
- pregnancy
- uremia
- hyperbilirubemia
- leukemia
- drug reactions
- polycythemia vera
- thryoid dx
what to inspect and palpate the skin for?
- color
- moisture
- temperature
- texture
- mobility/turgor
- lesions
- rashes
what do you examine with the patient seated?
- hair/scalp
- head/neck
- back/posterior neck
- shoulder, arms , hands
- chest & abdomen
- thighs, lower legs, feet & toes
what part of the examine do you have the pt stand for?
lower back, butt, posterior thighs
What is the order of examination w/ pt lying supine
- hair/scalp
- head and neck
- shoulder, arms, hands
- chest abd.
- lower legs feet, toes, thighs
- have pt turn over to inspect posterior
what 8 things should the description of a lesion include
- primary lesion name
- number
- size
- shape
- color
- texture
- location
- configuration
circumbscribed flat area of change in the color of skin <1cm
macule
circumscribed flat area of change in the color of skin >1cm
patch
small, raised, solid elevation of skin <1cm
papule
larger, raised, flatter elevated of skin >1cm
plaque
Solid elevation of skin >1cm that extends into deeper skin layers
nodules
small, sircumscribed elevation of epidermis filled with purulent fluid appearing white
pustule
small, circumscribed elevation of epidermis filled with clear fluid <1cm
vesicle
larger, circumscribed elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid >1cm
bulla
inflamed hair follicle (boil or abscess)
furuncle
multiple furnucles coalescing together
carbuncle
well-defined, mobile, firm, subepidermal nodule
subcutaneous nodules
benign cysts that grow from hair follicles
pilar cysts
fatty, soft, mobile and well defined subcutaneous nodules
lipoma
focal loss of epidermis or mucosasl epithelium (superficial)
erosion
focal loss of skin extending PAST THE EPIDERMIS (deeper)
ulcer
molluscum contagiosum
- dome shaped papule
- associated w molluscum contagiosum bacteria
circumscribed, raised lesion consisting of dermal edema that comes and goes
-redder than surrounding skin
wheal
what is the primary lesion of urticaria
wheal
what can accompany wheals
dermographism
pushing the lesion/rah and seeing if redness goes away or lessens
blanching
petechiae, purpura, cherry angiomas are
non-blanching lesions
telangiectasis, spider angioma, inflammatory lesions, post-inflammatory hyperemia/hyperpigmentation are
blanching lesions
bleeding underneath the skin causing bruising
ecchymosis
non blanching red/purple macules, punctate foci of hemorrhage <4mm
petechiae
what can petechiae suggest
- bleeding disorders
- cutaneous emboli
non-blanching red/purple macules/plaques >4mm
purpura
what should you be concerned about with purpura is palpable
vasculitis
dried exudate on the skin
crust
partly separated dried epithelial cells
scale
honey colored crust with vesicles & superficial erosions
imetigo
ringed-shaped lesions w/ scaly border and central clearing of
tinea corporis
silvery scales on bright red, well demarcated plaques
psoriasis
small linear or serpiginous pathways in the pidermis created by the scabies mite
burrow
linear erosion or ulcer caused by scratching
excoriation
how to measure size
- along the axis
- then perpendicular to axis
- list larger number first
shape name of ring-line with central clearing
annular
shape name of coin-like without central clearing
nummular or discoid
shape name of rings with central duskiness
irregular, polygonal, target, bullseye, iris
configuration
the arrangment of groups
* linear or straight
* serpiginous or gyrate
* dermatomal
serpiginous or gyrate
linear, branched and curving elements
textures of skin findings
- ssmooth
- fleshy
- verrucous (waxy)
- rough
- scaly
types of scales
- keratonic
- rough
- greasy
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