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Patient Assessment > IV fluids > Flashcards

IV fluids Flashcards

1
Q

what are the names of normal saline?

A

0.9% Normal saline
0.9% NS
0.9% NaCl
ns

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2
Q

What does D5W start as and then turn into

A

starts as isotonic and then changes to hypotonic when dextrose is metabolized

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3
Q

3 types of isotonic fluids

A
  1. normal saline
  2. Lactated ringer’s solution
  3. 5% dextrose in Water
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4
Q

what does lactated ringer’s solution contain?

LR

A
  • water
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • calcium
  • chloride
  • lactate
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5
Q

what are the two types of hypotonic fluids

A
  • 0.45% normal saline
  • D5W after its metabolized
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6
Q

what are the three names of hypotonic normal saline

A
  • 0.45% ns
  • 0.45% NaCl
  • 1/2 NS
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7
Q

what are the 4 types of hypertonic fluids

A
  • 3% normal saline
  • 5% Dextrose + 0.45% NS
  • 5% dextrose and lactated ringer
  • 10% dextrose in water
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8
Q

names for 5% dextrose + 0.45% normal saline

A
  • D5 0.45% NS
  • D5 0.45% NaCl
  • D5 1/2 NS
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9
Q

D5LR

A

5% dextrose and lactated ringer

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10
Q

D10W

A

10% dextrose with water

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11
Q

How is a bolus IV given

A

rapidly
wide open line
over 15 minutes or less

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12
Q

when is a bolus IV indicated

A
  • dehydration
  • hypotension
  • shock
  • active bleeding + unstable vitals
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13
Q

for what comorbidities should be caution be taken when giving bolus IV

A
  • heart failure
  • chronic renal failure
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14
Q

standard adult dosing IVF bolus

A

500-1000 ml NS

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15
Q

how to dose IV bolus in pedatric patients

A

weight based dosing
20ml/kg

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16
Q

what is the dosage for typical maintenance dosage of IVF

A

30ml/kg/24 hrs

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17
Q

for what pts is maintenance IVF administered?

A

NPO, restricted oral intake, vomiting, hypotension requiring fluid resus.

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18
Q

what is the maintenance dosage for obese patients

A

24ml/kg/24 hours

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19
Q

when should a maintenance dose of 20-25ml/kg/24hrs be considered

A
  • elderly
  • renal impairment
  • cardiac fialure
  • malnourished pts
20
Q

IV NS at KVO

A

IV normal saline keep vein open
* IVF given at minimal drip rate to maintain access.

21
Q

IV SL

A

IV saline lock
IV catheter in place in pt but not hooked up

22
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for a hemorrhage?

A

isotonic 0.9% NS

23
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for severe vomiting/diarrhea?

A

isotonic 0.9% NS

24
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for GI suctioning losses ?

A

isotonic 0.9% NS

25
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for wound drainage?

A

isotonic 0.9% NS

26
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for MILD hyponatremia?

A

isotonic 0.9% NS

27
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for blood transfusions?

A

isotonic 0.9% NS

28
Q

what should be monitored when given isotonic 0.9% NS

A

hypervolemia and fluid overload

29
Q

when should isotonic 0.9% NS be avoided

A

in pts with pulmonary edema

30
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for basic fluid resuscitation?

A

Lactated ringer’s solution
isotonic

31
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for GI tract fluid losses?

A

lactated ringer’s solution
isotonic

32
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for burns/trauma?

A

lactated ringer’s solution
isotonic

33
Q

what type and solution of IVF should be used for metabolic acidosis?

A

Lactated Ringer’s solution
isotonic

34
Q

what solution is often used during surgery

A

lactated ringer’s solution
(isotonic)

35
Q

at what pH should LR not be used?

A

pH >7.5 bc it worsens alkalosois

36
Q

what can happen if LR is used during renal failure

A

may elevate potassium levels

37
Q

what solution provides free water to help renal excretion of solutes

A

D5W (isotonic) then (hypotonic)
0.45% NaCl (hypotonic)

38
Q

what solution is used for hypernatremia

A

D5W
0.45% NaCl (hypotonic)

39
Q

when should D5W not be used?

A
  • fluid resuscitation (causes brain swelling after metabolized)
  • can cause hyperglycemia
40
Q

what solution and type of IVF is used for intracellular dehydration

A

hypotonic
0.45% NaCl

41
Q

what should you monitor closely in the 0.45% NaCl and D5W

A
  • hypovalemia
  • hypotension
  • confusion
  • cerebral edema
    due to shifting intracellular fluids
42
Q

when should 0.45% NaCl and D5W be avoided?

A

in pts with
* liver disease
* trauma
* burns

43
Q

what solution and type of IVF treats severe hyponatremia?

A

3% NaCl
hypertonic

44
Q

what solution and type of IVF treats severe cerebral edema?

A

3% NaCl
hypertonic

45
Q

what should be monitored closely when administering hypertonic solution?

A
  • hypervolemia
  • hypernatremia
  • respiratory distress
46
Q

what pts should NOT be given 3% NaCl

A

heart failure/renal failure conditions

Patient Assessment (20 decks)

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