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Patient Assessment > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

LR6-SO4-R3

A

Lateral rectus 6
Superior oblique 4
Remainder 3

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2
Q

blurred vision, loss of vision, floaters, flashing lights are

A

important questions to ask for changes in vision

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3
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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4
Q

what can cause flashing lights?

A

Retinal detachment

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5
Q

How many feet from the snellen chart is the patient

A

6 feet

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6
Q

what are the steps for snellen eye chart?

A
  1. cover one eye
  2. ask the patient to read the smallest line possible
  3. identify the smallest line of print where the pt can read more than half the letters
  4. test the other eye

indicate if the pt is using correctino or not

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7
Q

what does the top number indicate (of visual acuity)

A

how far the pt is from the chart

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8
Q

what chart tests for near vision

A

rosenbaum handheld eye chart

identifies need for bifocals or reading glasses in >45 yo

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9
Q

how far do you hold the rosenbaum chart from the pt

A

14 inches

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10
Q

how to test for visual field?

A

confrontation visual field testing: static finger wiggle test

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11
Q

what tests for color blindness

A

pseudoisochromatic color plates

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12
Q

esotropia

A

one eye inward

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13
Q

what do you exam the eye for?

A

position and alignment

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14
Q

exotropia

A

one eye outward (lateral)

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15
Q

hypertropia

A

one eye goes upward

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16
Q

hypotropia

A

one eye goes downward

17
Q

what to inspect the eyebrow for

A
  • fullness
  • hair distribution
  • scaliness of underlying
18
Q

what do you inspect eyelids for

A
  • width of palpebral fissures
  • edema
  • color
  • lesions
  • condition/direction
  • adequacy of eyelid closure
19
Q

what do you inspect lacrimal appartatus for

A
  • regions of swelling
  • excessive tearing or dryness
20
Q

what do you inspect the conjunctiva/sclera

A
  • color
  • vascular pattern
  • nodule/swelling chemosis
21
Q

what do you inspect the cornea/lens for?

A
  • Opacities with oblique lighting
  • opacities in the lens through the pupil
22
Q

what do you inspect iris for?

A
  • shine a light from the temporal side to look for a cresent shaped shadow on the medial side of the iris (sign of acute narrow angle glaucoma)
  • pupil size
  • diameter
  • light reaction
  • near reaction
23
Q

small pupil is less than

A

3mm

24
Q

large pupil is greater than

A

5mm

25
Q

simple anisocoria is a difference in pupillary diameter of

A

> 0.4mm without a known pathologic cause

26
Q

when is anisocoria benign

A

equal difference in dim/bright light with a brisk light reaction

27
Q

pupillary constriction in the same eye

A

direct reaction

28
Q

pupillary constriction in the opposite eye

A

consenual reaction

29
Q

what is near reaction testing

A

hold your finger 10cm from the pt’s eye and have them look at a point behind you
watch for pupillary constriction w/ near effort and convergence of eye

30
Q

how to do light reflection in the corneas

A
  • stand 2 feet directly in front of the pt and shine light into the pts eyes and ask to look at
  • light should be visible/symmetric
31
Q

a fine rhythmic oscillation of the eye

A

nystagmus

pause during upward and lateral gaze assessment to detect

32
Q

what system mediates pupillary constriction to light and near reaction

A

parasympathetic pathway

32
Q

what system regulates pupillary dilation

A

sympathetic pathways

33
Q

how to test for lid lag

A
  • ask the pt to follow your finger as you move it from up to down midline
34
Q

what does lid lag indicate

A

hyperthyroidism

35
Q

how to test for EOM

A
  • ask the pt to follow your finger in an H
  • convergence
36
Q

what is the first thing you look for in the ophthalmoscope?

A

red reflex (orange glow in the pupil)

37
Q

what are the 6 steps of examining the optic disc and retina

A
  1. locate the optic disc
  2. bring the optic disc into focus
  3. inspect the optic disc
  4. inspect for papilledema
  5. inspect the retina-arteries, veins, fovea, macula
38
Q
A

Patient Assessment (19 decks)

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