Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroscience > Visual System (Section 4) > Flashcards

Visual System (Section 4) Flashcards

0
Q

A thick, jelly-like semifluid found POSTERIOR to the lens

A

Vitreous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

A thin, watery fluid found ANTERIOR to the lens

A

Aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is found between the lens and retina

A

Vitreous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What if found between the lens and cornea

A

Aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is important in maintaining the shape of the orbit

A

Vitreous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What supplies nutrients to the cornea and lens and why is this necessary?

A

Aqueous humor, There is no blood supply to this area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The white part of the eye

A

Sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the clear portion of the outer layer that is the non-adjustable “lens” of the eye

A

Cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which layer of the eye contains blood vessels and nerves

A

Choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What structure is the pigmented portion of the eye

A

Iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pupillary constriction requires action what?

A

Parasympathetic component of CN III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pupillary Dilation requires what type of activity

A

Sympathetic neurons from spinal cord T1 and T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lesions in T1 and T2 result in what?

A

Horner’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What suspends the lens?

A

Zonula fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the adjustment of the shape of the lens to make it more rounded

A

Accomodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What part is the light-sensing part of the eye

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the 3 interneurons located in the retina

A

Amacrine cells, Bipolar cells, Horizontal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the interneurons of the retina do?

A

help to process the neural signals of the visual system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rods are photoreceptors for what type of vision?

A

Black, White & gray vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cones are photoreceptors for what type of vision?

A

Color vision and high visual acuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What photoreceptors are important for night vision?

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the photosensitive part of the photoreceptors

A

at the most distal end of the light path that enters the eye through the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the most anterior of the cells in the retina

A

Retinal ganglion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What cell axons form the optic nerve?

A

Retinal ganglion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Once light strikes the rods and cones, it produces what type of a receptor potential
A graded receptor potential
25
No photoreceptors, ganglion cells, or other interneurons are present in this area of the retina
Optic disk
26
What is the macula lutea
a region of the retina about 1cm in diameter that contains the fovea
27
What is found in the fovea of the macula lutea
Rich in cones (no rods!)
28
Where do the retinal ganglion cell axons of each optic tract terminate (synapse)?
In the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
29
Axons arising from somas in the lateral geniculate nucleus project where?
Through the internal capsule as the optic radiation
30
Axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus terminate where?
The primary visual cortex
31
Cuneus gyrus is what visual field
Inferior visual field
32
Lingual gyrus is what visual field
Superior visual field
33
A lesion of the axons in Meyer's loop will cause what?
Contralateral superior quadrantanopia
34
How are neurons in the visual cortex categorized?
According to: Ocular dominance columns Orientation columns Color blobs
35
What is the retinotectal pathway?
A combined visual and reflex pathway from retina to the superior colliculus in the midbrain tectum
36
What is the Retinotectal Pathway important in?
Visual attention and detection of movement
37
What does activating the neurons of the tectospinal pathway do?
The head may be oriented to a novel moving visual stimulus
38
What is the path of the Retinohypothalamic Pathway
A subset of retinal ganglion cells project axons to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
39
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus found?
in a region above the optic chiasm
40
The Retinohypothalamic pathway is inolved in what?
Circadian Rhythms | Sympathetic puillary dilation
41
Response of stimulated eye during pupillary constriction reflex
Direct light response
42
Unstimulated eye reflex during pupillary constriction
Consensual Light response
43
Where do neurons from the optic nerve, chiasm, and optic tract pass to?
Pre-tectal nucleus
44
Neurons from the Pretectal nucleus synapse where?
Bilaterally synapse with neurons in Edinger-Westphal nucleus
45
What forms the parasympathetic component of CN III
Neurons in Pretectal nucleus synapse bilaterally with neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
46
Post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons from Ciliary ganglion do what?
Activate pupillary constrictor muscle of the iris bilaterally in response to the light stimulus
47
Pupillary dilation reflex is involved in what syndrome?
Horner's Syndrome
48
Pathway of pupillary dilation?
Sympathetic axons from hypothalamus --> Synapse on T1 & T2 --> Axons from spinal cord to Superior Cervical ganglia --> Axons to Pupillary dilator muscle of Iris
49
Accommodation-Convergence reflex involves what to bring an object into focus
Adjustments of the lens by action of the ciliary body
50
Of the three reflexes, which has cortical involvement
Accommodation-Convergence reflex
51
Midline lesion of optic chiasm can result in?
Bitemporal Heteronymous Hemianopsia (Tunnel vision)
52
Interruption of the non-decussating optic tract fibers results in:
Ipsilateral Nasal Hemianopsia (Nasal visual field is lost on one side)
53
Complete interruption of optic tract
contralateral homonymous hemianopsia (blindness in the field of vision contralateral to the lesion)
54
Contralateral lower qudrantic anopsia is:
lesion of cuneus
55
Visual deficits because of temporal lobe lesions affect what?
Axons of Meyer's loop
56
Uncal herniation through what notch causes what?
Through the tentorial notch causes compression of the midbrain resulting in fixed, dilated pupils, ptosis, and "down and out" eye (CN III compression)
57
Presbyopia
Loss of accommodation due to aging (near vision)
58
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetes mellitus causes blood vessels of the retina to become leaky. Protein escapes into clear aqueous humor, making it cloudy
59
Cataract
Opacity of the lens of the eye
60
Scotoma
a blind spot sometimes due to small lesion in retina
61
Scintillating Photoscotoma
blind spot dances or moves
62
Contralateral homonymous superior quadantanopia
Temporal lobe lesions causing visual deficits

Neuroscience (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions