Neuroendocrine (section 2)

Question 0

In what boney structure is the pituitary gland housed?

Answer 0

Sella Turcica

Question 1

What neural structures makeup the neuroendocrine system?

Answer 1

Pituitary Gland

Hypothalamus

Question 2

What is the infundibulum?

Answer 2

It connects the hypothalamus to the Pituitary. Also called the pituitary stalk.

Question 3

Posterior Pituitary is made up of what tissue?

Answer 3

Neural tissue

Question 4

How many hormones are synthesized and secreted from the Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 4

6 hormones

Question 5

What is another name for Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 5

Adenohypophysis

Question 6

The Anterior pituitary gland is made up of what tissue?

Answer 6

Glandular Tissue

Question 7

Name the 6 hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

Answer 7

GH (growth hormone)
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
LH (Luteinizing hormone)
PRL (Prolactin)

Question 8

What is significant about the Posterior Pituitary?

Answer 8

It does not synthesize its own hormones

Question 9

What is the name of the system which forms between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

Answer 9

the Hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system

Question 10

What controls the production and release of anterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 10

The hypothalamus secretes hormones that either stimulate or inhibit the production and release

Question 11

What is the effect of GH?

Answer 11

Causes liver, kidneys and other organs to produce growth factors that promote increased bone growth

Question 12

Full name of ACTH?

Answer 12

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 13

Function of TSH?

Answer 13

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 14

Full name of TSH?

Answer 14

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 15

Function of ACTH?

Answer 15

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroid hormones, especially cortisol

Question 16

Full name of PRL

Answer 16

Prolactin

Question 17

Function of LH

Answer 17

Along with FSH regulates menstrual cycle and oogenesis in women and regulate testicular hormones and spermatogenesis in men

Question 18

Function of FSH

Answer 18

Along with LH regulates menstrual cycle and oogenesis in women and regulate testicular hormones and spermatogenesis in men

Question 19

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 19

neurohypophysis

Question 20

Full name of FSH

Answer 20

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 21

Function of PRL

Answer 21

Promotes milk production

Plays a roe in sexual drive and function

Question 22

2 hormones secreted by the Posterior Pituitary

Answer 22

Vasopressin

Oxytocin

Question 23

Function of Oxytocin

Answer 23

Promotes ejection of milk
Stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle during birth
Thought to play a role in sexual function including orgasm

Question 24

Another name for Vasopressin

Answer 24

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 25

Function of Vasopressin

Answer 25

Enhances water retention by kidneys

Question 26

Oxytocin is also known as what?

Answer 26

"Bonding hormone"

Question 27

Name four regions of the Hypothalamus

Answer 27

Preoptic region Anterior (supraoptic) region Middle (tuberal) region Posterior (mamillary) region

Question 28

Nuclei of Preoptic region

Answer 28

Medial and Lateral preoptic nuclei

Question 29

6 nuclei of Anterior (supraoptic) region

Answer 29

``` Periventricular nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Anterior nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Supraoptic nucleus Lateral hypothalamic nucleus ```

Question 30

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is produced by what nucleus?

Answer 30

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 31

Effect of Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 31

Stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from anterior pituitary

Question 32

3 nucleus of Posterior (mamillary) region

Answer 32

Posterior nucleus Mammillary body Lateral hypothalamic nucleus

Question 33

Corticotropin-releasing hormone is produced by what nucleus?

Answer 33

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 34

Effect of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 34

Stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from anterior pituitary

Question 35

Two hormones produced by Arcuate nucleus

Answer 35

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone | Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Question 36

5 nuclei of Middle (tuberal) region

Answer 36

``` Periventricular nucleus Arcuate nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Lateral hypothalamic nucleus ```

Question 37

Effect of Prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Answer 37

Inhibit prolactin release from anterior pituitary

Question 38

Effect of Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

Answer 38

Stimulate FSH and LH release from anterior pituitary

Question 39

Effect of Growth Hormone-releasing hormone

Answer 39

Stimulate GH release from anterior pituitary

Question 40

What hormone is produced in the Periventricular nucleus

Answer 40

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

Question 41

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone is produced in what nuclei

Answer 41

Preoptic area

Question 42

Which hormone inhibits GH release from Anterior Pituitary

Answer 42

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

Question 43

Two hormones produced in the Paraventricular nucleus

Answer 43

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 44

Three main "other" functions of Hypothalamus

Answer 44

1. Regulation of Circadian rhythms/sleep 2. Appetite/Thirst 3. Thermoregulation