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Neurology and Neuroscience > Visual System - Eye Movements > Flashcards

Visual System - Eye Movements Flashcards

1
Q

List two types of eye movements.

A

voluntary

involuntary

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2
Q

Why is eye movement necessary?

A

acquiring and tracking visual stimuli

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3
Q

Eye movements are facilitated by what muscles?

A

6 extraocular muscles

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4
Q

Extraocular muscles are innervated by?

A

CN III, IV, VI

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5
Q

What is duction?

A

eye movement in one eye

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6
Q

What is version?

A

simultaneous movement of both eyes in the same direction

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7
Q

What is vergence?

A

simultaneous movement of both eyes in the opposite direction

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8
Q

What is convergence?

A

simultaneous adduction movement in both eyes when viewing a near object

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9
Q

What is saccade?

A

short fast burst of movement

up to 900 degrees /sec

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10
Q

List types of saccade.

A

reflexive saccade
scanning saccade
predictive saccade to track objects
memory-guided saccade

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11
Q

What is smooth pursuit?

A

sustained slow movement

up to 60 degrees/sec

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12
Q

What is smooth pursuit driven by?

A

motion of a moving target across the retina

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13
Q

The extraocular muscles attach (?) to (?)

A

eyeball

orbit

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14
Q

What are the four straight extraocular muscles?

A

superior rectus
inferior rectus
lateral rectus
medial rectus

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15
Q

What is the muscle action of the superior rectus? Where is it attached?

A

moves the eye up

attached at 12 o clock

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16
Q

What is the muscle action of the inferior rectus? Where is it attached?

A

moves the eye down

attached at 6 o clock

17
Q

What is the muscle action of the lateral rectus? Where is it attached?

A

moves the eye towards the outside of the head

attaches on the temporal side of the eye

18
Q

What is the muscle action of the medial rectus? Where is it attached?

A

moves the eye toward the middle of the head/toward the nose

attached on nasal side of the eye

19
Q

Apart from the ‘x rectus’ extraocular muscles, what two other muscles are there?

A

superior oblique

inferior oblique

20
Q

Where is the superior oblique attached?

A

high on the temporal side

21
Q

The superior oblique passes under what muscle?

A

superior rectus

22
Q

What is the muscle action of the superior oblique?

A

moves the eye down and out

23
Q

The superior oblique passes through what important structure?

A

trochlea

24
Q

Where is the inferior oblique attached?

A

low on the nasal side of the eye

25
Q

The inferior oblique passes over what muscle?

A

inferior rectus

26
Q

What is the muscle action of the inferior oblique?

A

moves the eye up and out

27
Q

Superior rectus is innervated by?

A

superior branch of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

28
Q

LPS is innervated by?

A

superior branch of oculomotor (CN III)

29
Q

Inferior rectus is innervated by?

A

inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

30
Q

Medial rectus is innervated by?

A

inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

31
Q

Inferior oblique is innervated by?

A

inferior branch of oculomotor nerve (CN III)

32
Q

Superior oblique is innervated by?

A

trochlear nerve (CN IV)

33
Q

Lateral rectus is innervated by?

A

abducens (CN VI)

34
Q

3rd nerve palsy causes what eye issues?

A 
affected eye moves down and out 
droopy eyelid (loss of LPS)
35
Q

6th nerve palsy causes what eye issues?

A

affected eye unable to abduct and deviated inwards

double vision worsen on gazing to the side of the affected eye

36
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

oscillatory eye movement

37
Q

What is optokinetic nystagmus?

A

smooth pursuit + fast phase reset saccade

38
Q

Optokinetic nystagmus reflex is useful for?

A

testing visual acuity in pre verbal children by observing presence of nystagmus movement in response to moving grating patterns of various spatial frequencies

Neurology and Neuroscience (15 decks)

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