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Neuro 2020 > Visual system 11/18/16 > Flashcards

Visual system 11/18/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What allows visual pathway lesions to produce predictable visual field deficits?

A

Retinotopy

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2
Q

What is the first structure light goes through on its way to the eye?

A

-Cornea

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3
Q

What is the cornea innervated by?

A

-Trigeminal

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4
Q

Where does the majority of refraction of light occur?

A

-Cornea

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5
Q

T/F

The lens bends light more than the cornea.

A

False

-The cornea bends light more than the lens

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6
Q

What is the anterior chamber filled with?

A

-Aqueous humor

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7
Q

What nourishes the cornea and lens?

A

-Aqueous humor

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8
Q

T/F

The vitreous body is a protein rich fluid

A

True

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9
Q

What keeps the retina pinned back against the back of the eye?

A

-Viterous body

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10
Q

What controls the fibers of the lens that allow tension of the the lens?

A

-Ciliary body

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11
Q

What is the first place in the retina that light goes through?

A

-Ganglion cells

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12
Q

What in the retina is used to process vision first in the retina?

A

-Internal nuclear ganglia

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13
Q

What is the name of the one type of glial cell in the retina?

A

-Muller cell

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14
Q

What are the three types of cones that humans have?

A
  • Red
  • Green
  • Blue
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15
Q

Where do you find most rods in the eye?

A

-Periphery

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16
Q

What cells are the only ones in the retina that can fire action potentials?

A

-Ganglion cells

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17
Q

Where do you find the fovea?

A

-In the center of the macula

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18
Q

Where do you have your high acuity vision?

A

-Fovea

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19
Q

Is there more cones or rods in the fovea?

A

-Cones

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20
Q

What part of the retina does night vision?

A

-Peripheral retina

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21
Q

T/F

Axons for temporal visual fields cross to contralateral side

A

True

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22
Q

T/F

Axons for nasal visual fields cross to contralateral side

A

False

-Nasal stay ipsilateral

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23
Q

If you have a tumor pressing on the optic chiasm what type of vision do you lose?

A

-Peripheral vision

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24
Q

Where do inputs from both eyes come together?

A

-After the optic chiasm

25
Q

T/F

Peripheral vision from the left eye runs to the right side of the brain

A

true

26
Q

What is the structure in the thalamus that handles visual information

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

27
Q

What three lobes of the brain does vision pass through at some point?

A
  • Temporal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
28
Q

If you look up towards the sky and the image is processed in the brain is it higher or lower in the brain?

A

-Lower

29
Q

What visual field does the temporal lobe carry?

A

-Upper visual field

30
Q

What visual field does the parietal lobe carry?

A

-Lower visual field

31
Q

What separates the upper and lower field in the occipital lobe?

A

-Calcarine sulcus

32
Q

Where does the first visual synapse occur?

A

-Lateral geniculate nucleus

33
Q

T/F
There is a map of visual space on the primary visual cortex where the macula is extremely small because of its size in the retina

A

False

The macula is larger because it is a main component of vision

34
Q

What is the blood supply to the calcarine cortex?

A

-Posterior cerebral artery

35
Q

What is the blood supply to the LGN and optic tract?

A

-Anterior chorodial artery

36
Q

If you have a lesion of the optic nerve on the left eye what occurs?

A

-Blind left eye

37
Q

If you have a lesion on the lower bank of the calcarine sulcus what occurs to your vision?

A

-You lose upper vision

38
Q

Where do the fibers coming in from the pupillary light reflex go?

A

-Pretectal region

39
Q

What nucleus do the fibers of the pupillary light reflex go?

A

-Edinger-Westphal nucleus

40
Q

T/F

A tumor of the pineal gland can cause a loss of the pupillary light reflex

A

True

41
Q

What allows the pupillary light reflex to be consensual?

A

-The interneurons that carry the info to the E.W. nucleus on both sides

42
Q

If you have a subdural hematoma with uncal herniation that involves CN III what occurs?

A
  • Sluggish or absent pupillary reflex
  • Ptosis
  • Less effects on extraocular movements
43
Q

What causes pupillary dilation?

A

-Sympathetic pathway

44
Q

The start of the neurons in the sympathetic pathway that causes pupillary dilation originate where?

A

-Hypothalamus

45
Q

From the hypothalamus where does the 1st order sympathetic neuron go?

A

T1

46
Q

From the synapse at T1 in the sympathetic pathway where does the second order neuron go?

A

-Superior cervical ganglia

47
Q

From the superior cervical ganglia where does the 3rd order sympathetic neuron travel?

A

-Pupil

48
Q

What part of the brain is used in the voluntary fast horizontal eye movements?

A

-Frontal eye field on the frontal lobe

49
Q

What does the left side of the visual cortex control?

A

-Right field of vision

50
Q

Where do cells in the fontal eye field project to?

A

-Contralateral PPRF

51
Q

From the PPRF where do the neurons go?

A

-CN VI (Abducens nucleus)

52
Q

From the Abducens nucleus where do neurons go?

A
  • Lateral rectus

- Oculomotor nucleus

53
Q

After the abducens nucleus sends a neuron through the MLF to the oculomotor nucleus where does the neuron go?

A

-Medial rectus

54
Q

What do PPRF lesion s lead to?

A

-Horizontal gaze paralysis of both eyes, toward the side of the lesion

55
Q

If you have a lesion of the MLF what occurs to your vision?

A

-You’ll have double vision

56
Q

What is a lesion in the visual pathway in the MLF called?

A

-Internuclear Ophthalamoplegia

57
Q

What disease is Internuclear Opthalamoplegia a possible sign of?

A

-MS

58
Q

T/F

With a pineal tumor you can lose upward gaze

A

True

Neuro 2020 (7 decks)

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