11/11/16 Auditory System Flashcards
T/F
The auditory system has the ability to override the caudate-putamen (Take away the inhibition) to make you impulsive
True
What are the three major divisions of the auditory system?
- Peripheral apparatus
- Central Cochlear Nucleus
- Major Ascending strcutures
In the superior olive what is the medial side responsible for?
-Sound location
What directs sound waves into the ear?
-Pinna
What are the three muscles that control the middle ear?
- Tensor Tympani
- Stapedius
- Labyrinth
Once sound gets into the cochlea what CN do you travel through?
-CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)
What type of fluid do you have in the cochlear duct?
-Endolymph
What type of fluid do you have high K+?
-Endolymph
What type of fluid do you have high Na+?
-Perilymph
What is the stapes connected to?
-Oval window
What other window works with the oval window to allow the fluid to be moved through the ear?
-Round window
The basal end does high or low frequency sounds?
-High
The apical end does high or low frequency sounds?
-Low
Outer spiral bundles do what with the sound signal?
-Modulate it
What helps amplify the sound from the cochlea?
-Tectorial membrane
When you go from the cochlea through the auditory nerve what nuclei do you go to for processing?
- Anteroventral cochlear nucleus
- Postero-ventral cochlear nucleus
- Dorsal cochlear nucleus
What does the dorsal cochlear nucleus do with the signal?
-Go straight up to the inferior colliculus
Where does the signal go from the ventral cochlear nucleus?
-Superior olive (medial and lateral)
The superior olive is located in what structure of the brain?
-Pons
What is the lateral side of the superior olive responsible for?
-Intensity
T/F
Neurons that come into the ventral cochlear nucleus synapse bilateral
True
When sound goes into the medial nucleus of the superior olive how do you know the location of the sound?
-Where the signals coming from the right and left side match
Once the sound signals have reached the superior olive where is the next place it travels?
Inferior colliculus
T/F
The internal capsule of the inferior colliculus is tonotopically organized
True
From the inferior colliculus where does the sound signal go?
-Medial geniculate
What pathway does the dorsal cochlear nucleus take to get to the inferior colliclulus?
-Lateral Leminiscus
T/F
The pathway from the dorsal cochlear nucleus is tonotopic
False
It is not tonotopic
What does the low route activate?
-Autonomics (this is why you jump)
Where do you find the primary auditory cortex?
-On the temporal lobe
T/F
Fear comes from the low route response
True
What is the main purpose of the low route?
-Fast response to GET OUT OF THE WAY
The descending/feedback pathways have three functions, what are they?
- Startle control
- Sound dampening
- Sound focusing
What are the three types of hearing loss?
- Conductive
- Sensorineural
- Mixed hearing loss
What are the two types of auditory signs from the peripheral part of the system?
- Hearing loss
- Tinnitus
Symptom: Intermittent persistent, pulsatile/raging
Causes: Infection/virus, Trauma, Altered nerve conduction
Tinnitus
Symptom: Low tolerance to sound
Causes: Damage to superior olive cochlear efferent, damage to CN V or VII
Hyperacusis
T/F
Damaged hair cells can present signs of vertigo
True
What is an aphasias?
-Language disorder due to brain damage
What are the four major aphasias?
- Brocas
- Wernicke
- Global (Wernicke & Broca)
- Conduction
