11/11/16 Auditory System

Question 1

T/F

The auditory system has the ability to override the caudate-putamen (Take away the inhibition) to make you impulsive

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are the three major divisions of the auditory system?

Answer 2

• Peripheral apparatus
• Central Cochlear Nucleus
• Major Ascending strcutures

Question 3

In the superior olive what is the medial side responsible for?

Answer 3

-Sound location

Question 4

What directs sound waves into the ear?

Answer 4

-Pinna

Question 5

What are the three muscles that control the middle ear?

Answer 5

• Tensor Tympani
• Stapedius
• Labyrinth

Question 6

Once sound gets into the cochlea what CN do you travel through?

Answer 6

-CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

Question 7

What type of fluid do you have in the cochlear duct?

Answer 7

-Endolymph

Question 8

What type of fluid do you have high K+?

Answer 8

-Endolymph

Question 9

What type of fluid do you have high Na+?

Answer 9

-Perilymph

Question 10

What is the stapes connected to?

Answer 10

-Oval window

Question 11

What other window works with the oval window to allow the fluid to be moved through the ear?

Answer 11

-Round window

Question 12

The basal end does high or low frequency sounds?

Answer 12

-High

Question 13

The apical end does high or low frequency sounds?

Answer 13

-Low

Question 14

Outer spiral bundles do what with the sound signal?

Answer 14

-Modulate it

Question 15

What helps amplify the sound from the cochlea?

Answer 15

-Tectorial membrane

Question 16

When you go from the cochlea through the auditory nerve what nuclei do you go to for processing?

Answer 16

• Anteroventral cochlear nucleus
• Postero-ventral cochlear nucleus
• Dorsal cochlear nucleus

Question 17

What does the dorsal cochlear nucleus do with the signal?

Answer 17

-Go straight up to the inferior colliculus

Question 18

Where does the signal go from the ventral cochlear nucleus?

Answer 18

-Superior olive (medial and lateral)

Question 19

The superior olive is located in what structure of the brain?

Answer 19

-Pons

Question 20

What is the lateral side of the superior olive responsible for?

Answer 20

-Intensity

Question 21

T/F

Neurons that come into the ventral cochlear nucleus synapse bilateral

Answer 21

True

Question 22

When sound goes into the medial nucleus of the superior olive how do you know the location of the sound?

Answer 22

-Where the signals coming from the right and left side match

Question 23

Once the sound signals have reached the superior olive where is the next place it travels?

Answer 23

Inferior colliculus

Question 24

T/F

The internal capsule of the inferior colliculus is tonotopically organized

Answer 24

True

Question 25

From the inferior colliculus where does the sound signal go?

Answer 25

-Medial geniculate

Question 26

What pathway does the dorsal cochlear nucleus take to get to the inferior colliclulus?

Answer 26

-Lateral Leminiscus

Question 27

T/F | The pathway from the dorsal cochlear nucleus is tonotopic

Answer 27

False | It is not tonotopic

Question 28

What does the low route activate?

Answer 28

-Autonomics (this is why you jump)

Question 29

Where do you find the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 29

-On the temporal lobe

Question 30

T/F | Fear comes from the low route response

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is the main purpose of the low route?

Answer 31

-Fast response to GET OUT OF THE WAY

Question 32

The descending/feedback pathways have three functions, what are they?

Answer 32

- Startle control - Sound dampening - Sound focusing

Question 33

What are the three types of hearing loss?

Answer 33

- Conductive - Sensorineural - Mixed hearing loss

Question 34

What are the two types of auditory signs from the peripheral part of the system?

Answer 34

- Hearing loss | - Tinnitus

Question 35

Symptom: Intermittent persistent, pulsatile/raging Causes: Infection/virus, Trauma, Altered nerve conduction

Answer 35

Tinnitus

Question 36

Symptom: Low tolerance to sound Causes: Damage to superior olive cochlear efferent, damage to CN V or VII

Answer 36

Hyperacusis

Question 37

T/F | Damaged hair cells can present signs of vertigo

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is an aphasias?

Answer 38

-Language disorder due to brain damage

Question 39

What are the four major aphasias?

Answer 39

- Brocas - Wernicke - Global (Wernicke & Broca) - Conduction