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Neuro 2020 > 11/11/16 Auditory System > Flashcards

11/11/16 Auditory System Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

The auditory system has the ability to override the caudate-putamen (Take away the inhibition) to make you impulsive

A

True

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2
Q

What are the three major divisions of the auditory system?

A
  • Peripheral apparatus
  • Central Cochlear Nucleus
  • Major Ascending strcutures
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3
Q

In the superior olive what is the medial side responsible for?

A

-Sound location

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4
Q

What directs sound waves into the ear?

A

-Pinna

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5
Q

What are the three muscles that control the middle ear?

A
  • Tensor Tympani
  • Stapedius
  • Labyrinth
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6
Q

Once sound gets into the cochlea what CN do you travel through?

A

-CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

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7
Q

What type of fluid do you have in the cochlear duct?

A

-Endolymph

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8
Q

What type of fluid do you have high K+?

A

-Endolymph

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9
Q

What type of fluid do you have high Na+?

A

-Perilymph

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10
Q

What is the stapes connected to?

A

-Oval window

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11
Q

What other window works with the oval window to allow the fluid to be moved through the ear?

A

-Round window

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12
Q

The basal end does high or low frequency sounds?

A

-High

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13
Q

The apical end does high or low frequency sounds?

A

-Low

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14
Q

Outer spiral bundles do what with the sound signal?

A

-Modulate it

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15
Q

What helps amplify the sound from the cochlea?

A

-Tectorial membrane

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16
Q

When you go from the cochlea through the auditory nerve what nuclei do you go to for processing?

A
  • Anteroventral cochlear nucleus
  • Postero-ventral cochlear nucleus
  • Dorsal cochlear nucleus
17
Q

What does the dorsal cochlear nucleus do with the signal?

A

-Go straight up to the inferior colliculus

18
Q

Where does the signal go from the ventral cochlear nucleus?

A

-Superior olive (medial and lateral)

19
Q

The superior olive is located in what structure of the brain?

A

-Pons

20
Q

What is the lateral side of the superior olive responsible for?

A

-Intensity

21
Q

T/F

Neurons that come into the ventral cochlear nucleus synapse bilateral

A

True

22
Q

When sound goes into the medial nucleus of the superior olive how do you know the location of the sound?

A

-Where the signals coming from the right and left side match

23
Q

Once the sound signals have reached the superior olive where is the next place it travels?

A

Inferior colliculus

24
Q

T/F

The internal capsule of the inferior colliculus is tonotopically organized

A

True

25
Q

From the inferior colliculus where does the sound signal go?

A

-Medial geniculate

26
Q

What pathway does the dorsal cochlear nucleus take to get to the inferior colliclulus?

A

-Lateral Leminiscus

27
Q

T/F

The pathway from the dorsal cochlear nucleus is tonotopic

A

False

It is not tonotopic

28
Q

What does the low route activate?

A

-Autonomics (this is why you jump)

29
Q

Where do you find the primary auditory cortex?

A

-On the temporal lobe

30
Q

T/F

Fear comes from the low route response

A

True

31
Q

What is the main purpose of the low route?

A

-Fast response to GET OUT OF THE WAY

32
Q

The descending/feedback pathways have three functions, what are they?

A
  • Startle control
  • Sound dampening
  • Sound focusing
33
Q

What are the three types of hearing loss?

A
  • Conductive
  • Sensorineural
  • Mixed hearing loss
34
Q

What are the two types of auditory signs from the peripheral part of the system?

A
  • Hearing loss

- Tinnitus

35
Q

Symptom: Intermittent persistent, pulsatile/raging
Causes: Infection/virus, Trauma, Altered nerve conduction

A

Tinnitus

36
Q

Symptom: Low tolerance to sound
Causes: Damage to superior olive cochlear efferent, damage to CN V or VII

A

Hyperacusis

37
Q

T/F

Damaged hair cells can present signs of vertigo

A

True

38
Q

What is an aphasias?

A

-Language disorder due to brain damage

39
Q

What are the four major aphasias?

A
  • Brocas
  • Wernicke
  • Global (Wernicke & Broca)
  • Conduction

Neuro 2020 (7 decks)

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