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Neuro 2020 > Vestibular system 10/28/16 > Flashcards

Vestibular system 10/28/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three systems that help keep a person upright?

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Vision
  • Vestibular system
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2
Q

What are the first responses (involuntary/reflex) when a person trips?

A
  • Arms go out
  • Head goes back
  • Back arches
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3
Q

What are the three major divisions of the vestibular system?

A
  • Peripheral apparatus
  • Central vestibular nucleus
  • Sensory Interactions
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4
Q

What innervates the vestibular apparatus?

A

-Scarpa Ganglion

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5
Q

How many canals do you find on the vestibular apparatus?

A

Three

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6
Q

What are the names of the three canals in the vestibular system?

A
  • Anterior (superior)
  • Horizontal
  • Posterior
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7
Q

What two features help with gravity detection in the vestibular system?

A
  • Utricle

- Saccule

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8
Q

Under normal motion what way is our head tilted?

A

30 degrees down

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9
Q

What fluid goes into the peripheral apparatus from the CSF and how?

A

-Perilymph through the perilymphatic duct

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10
Q

What ion is endolymph high in?

A

K+

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11
Q

What ion is perilymph high in?

A

Na+

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12
Q

Why is Na+ and K+ important in the peripheral apparatus?

A

To create gradients

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13
Q

What creates the sensation in the peripheral apparatus?

A

Sensory Epithelial cells

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14
Q

What do the semicircular canals sense?

A

-Angular motion

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15
Q

What happens if the hair cells (epithelial sensory cells) pull?

A

K+ channels are opened

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16
Q

What fluid hits the cupula to push/pull the hair cells?

A

-Endolymph

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17
Q

What is the cupula?

A

-Gelatin filled bag around the hair cells

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18
Q

What is linear acceleration?

A

Up and Down (gravity)

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19
Q

What senses linear acceleration?

A
  • Utricle

- Saccule

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20
Q

What is the otolith membrane?

A

Structure that surround the hair cells involved with linear acceleration

21
Q

What is found on top of the otolith membrane that helps overcome inertia?

A

-Otoconia (bags of calcium)

22
Q

What does the signaling from the peripheral apparatus?

A

-Hair cells

23
Q

What is multimodal convergence?

A

Immediate integration with other sensory inputs

vestibule with the eye and brain etc..

24
Q

Where do you find the vestibular nucleus?

A

Pons and Medulla

25
Q

What are the four major subdivisions of the vestibular nucleus?

A
  • Superior vestibular
  • Lateral vestibular
  • Medial vestibular
  • Inferior vestibular
26
Q

What type of motion do the horizontal and superior canal measure?

A

-Rotational

27
Q

Which canal places your eyes while moving?

A

-Horizontal canal

28
Q

What tracts do the superior vestibular nucleus run upward on?

A

-Medial longitudinal fasciulus (MLF)

29
Q

What does the vestibulo-cerebellar network provide coordination of?

A
  • Posture
  • Balance
  • Eye Movements
30
Q

If you get drunk what part of the peripheral apparatus is offline?

A

-The semicircular canals

31
Q

What part of the peripheral apparatus interacts with the cerebellum?

A

-Semicircular canals

32
Q

What network coordinates your eyes and rotational movement?

A

-Vestibulo-ocular network

33
Q

Where is the control of the vestibulo-ocular network controlled?

A

-Pons

34
Q

What two muscles are involved in the vestibulo ocular network?

A
  • Lateral rectus

- Medial rectus

35
Q

If you turn your head left quickly what direction does your eyes go?

A

-Right

36
Q

What two nuclei does the vestibular nucleus interact with?

A
  • Oculomotor nucleus

- Abducens nucleus

37
Q

What is a nystagmus?

A
  • Involuntary shaking to and fro movement of the eyes

- Rhythmic and jerky

38
Q

What are the frequent causes nystagmus?

A
  • Infarction/stroke
  • MS
  • Spinocerebellar degeneration
  • Developmental problems in the pons and cerebellum
  • Visual problems such as albinism
39
Q

How do you test if you horizontal canal is working properly?

A

Caloric Nystagmus

40
Q

What is the caloric Nystagmus test?

A

-Test the horizontal canal with hot or cold water

41
Q

If you put hot water into the right ear in the caloric nystagmus test what way does your eyes turn?

A

-Left

42
Q

If you put cold water into the right ear in the caloric nystagmus test what way does your eyes turn?

A

-Right

43
Q

What is the slow phase of the caloric nystagmus test?

A

-Eyes initial movement

44
Q

What is the fast phase of the caloric nystagmus test?

A

-Corrective saccade

45
Q

If the slow phase it absent in the caloric nystagmus what area of the pathway is damaged?

A
  • Horizontal canal weakness (ipsilateral)

- Damage to the MLF/Pons

46
Q

If the fast phase is absent from the caloric nystagmus what area is damaged?

A

-Cerebral damage

47
Q

If both phases are absent/lost from the caloric nystagmus test what is damaged?

A

-Bilateral hindbrain

48
Q

If the person has vertigo problems where the patient says “I’m spinning” what is damaged?

A

-Vestibular system

49
Q

If the person says “WOAH, the room is spinning” what is damaged?

A

-Central vestibular issue

Neuro 2020 (7 decks)

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