Visual Perception Flashcards
hypothesis
it can be predicted that…
- use participants and info given
eg. It can be predicted that children who watch violent films will have a higher level of heart rate and blood pressure than children watching non-violent films.
independent vs dependent variable
independent variable- manipulated
dependent variable- measured
(nothing affects the independent variable)
extraneous variable
any factor that is not the independent variable which can affect the experiments dependent variable
-situational
-participant
-experiementer
eg. time of day
can be controlled by.. eg. consistency
random allocation
used to place participants in groups so they are as likely to be in one group as the other.
experimental group
exposed to the IV
control group
is NOT exposed to the IV
attention
the process of focusing on specific stimuli or aspects of the sensory environment whilst ignoring and therefore excluding others.
sustained attention
maintenance of attention on a specific stimulus or task for a continuous period of time without being distracted
divided attention
ability to distribute our attention so that two or more activities may be performed simultaneously.
selective attention
choosing and attending to a specific stimulus whilst at the same time excluding other stimuli
factors that influence wther we pay attention to stimulus
if a stimulus is of personal importance we become more likely to notice and attend to it
conclusion
a decision about what the results obtained from a research investigaton
-was the hypothesis supported?
-what were the results?
visual perception
the process by why we interpret and give meaning to sensory information
biological- vis perception
depth cues- monocular and bionocular
psychological- vis perception
gestalt principles
perceptual set
context
motivation
past experiences
memory
social- vis perception
culture
depth cues
sources of external cues or internal cues that help us perceive how far away objects are and therefore percieve depth
binocular vs monocular
use of 2 vs 1 eye
binocular-
convergence
retinal disparity
monocular-
accomodation
linear perspective
interposition
texture gradient
relative size
height in the visual field
convergence
changes in tension in the eyes involving the brain detecting and interpreting depth. the greater tension in the eyes when the object is close and less tension when the object gets further away
retinal disparity
slight difference in location of the images on the retina due to the eyes being slightly apart
accommodation
the automatic adjustment of the shape on the lens to focus on an object in response to changes in how far away the object is. The lens bulges for close objects and elongates for far objects.
linear perspective
the apparent convergence of actual or imagined parallel lines as they recede into the distance
interposition
occurs when one object partially blocks or covers another, and he partially blocked object is percieved as further away than the object that obscures it
texture gradient
the gradual reduction of the detail that occurs in an object or surface as it recedes into the distance, compared with an object or surface that is close and perceived in fine detail.
relative size
refers to the tendency to visually percieve the object that produces the largest image on the retina as being closer, and the object that produces the smallest image on the retina as being further away
height in the visual field
refers to the location of objects in our field of vision, whereby objects that are located closer to the horizon are perceived as being more distant than objects located further from the horizon
depth perception
it is important as it allows us to see objects in 3 dimensions aswell as its distance and size.
pictorial cues
arts use them extensively to determine depth in artork
