Unit 2 AOS 1 Ch 6 & 7

Question 1

Social Cognition

Answer 1

how we perceive, think about and use information to understand and make judgements about ourselves and others in different social situations

Question 2

Person Perception

Answer 2

refers to the mental processes we use to think about and evaluate other people.
- person perception leads us to make judgements based on limited information that may be inaccurate, first impressions can be influenced by expectations, biases, and incomplete information. aka physical cues

Question 3

Halo effect

Answer 3

the tendancy to allow our overall positive impression of a person, on our positive impression of a specific quality, to influence our beliefs and expectiations about the person in other qualities.

Question 4

social categorisation- what are in groups and out groups?

Answer 4

ingroups- any group which you belong to or identify with
out groups- any group you do not belong to or identify with

Question 5

what is attribution?

Answer 5

the process by which we explain the cause of our own or another persons bahaviour

Question 6

external attribution

Answer 6

an explanation of behaviour due to factors associated with the situation the person is in.
eg- blaming the room was too cold after performing poorly in a test

Question 7

internal attribution

Answer 7

an explaination due to the characteristics of the person involved such as their personality, ability, attitude, motivation, mood or effort.
eg- they were rude to the bus driver because they are in a bad mood

Question 8

fundamental attribution error

Answer 8

the tendency to overestimate the influence of personal factors and underestimate the impact of situational factors on other peoples behaviour
eg- saying a coworker was late bc they are unreliable, rather than the fact they got stuck in traffic

Question 9

actor-observer bias

Answer 9

the tendency to attribute our own behaviour to external or situational factors, yes attribute others behaviour to internal factors
eg- you trip and fall u blame the floors slippery, you see someone else fall and believe it’s bc they’re clumsy

Question 10

self serving bias

Answer 10

when judging ourselves we tend to take the credit for our successes and deny responsibility for failures, which is blamed on external factors.
eg- if a student does well on exam they credit their preparation but if they fail they blame the test being too hard.

Question 11

tricomponent model-

Answer 11

affective component (feelings)-
a refers to the emotions, reactions or feelings an individual has towards an object, person, event or issue.
eg. “i feel scared when i see a snake”

behavioural component (actions)-
the way in which attitude is expressed through our actions
eg. “i avoid snakes and scream if i see one”

cognitive component (beliefs)-
beliefs we have about an object, person, group, event or issue.
eg. “i think snakes are gross and dangerous”

Question 12

what’s a stereotype?

Answer 12

a stereotype is a generalisation about the personal characteristics of the members of a societal group
-stereotypes tend to be fixed and resistent to change
-it can lead to social stigma

Question 13

advantages and disadvantages of stereotypes

Answer 13

advantage- simplify and make person perception more effiencebt
disadvantage- are not always true, can be rude and overlooks a persons individuality

Question 14

physical ques

Answer 14

the way people look and the way they act

Question 15

attitude

Answer 15

an evaluation a person makes about an object, person, group, event or issue.

Question 16

cognitive dissonance

Answer 16

unpleasant psychological state that occurs when people become aware that there is inconsistenty among their various beliefs, attitudes or other cognition,
or
that their behaviour conflicts their cognitions.

Question 17

cognitive bias

Answer 17

a systematic error of judgement and faulty decision making.

Question 18

availability heuristic

Answer 18

making a judgement based on how easy or difficult it is to bring specific examples to mind
-may lead to errors of judgement

Question 19

prejudice

Answer 19

negative attitude towards another person or social group, formed in advance of any experience with that person or group.

Question 20

ways to reduce prejudice

Answer 20

-inter group contact
-sustained contact
-mutual inderpendence
-superordinate goal
-equality of status
-cognitive intervention

Question 21

discrimination

Answer 21

takes place when a person or a social group is treated differently than others

Question 22

status

Answer 22

refers to the importance of an individuals position in the group, as perceived by members of the group

Question 23

power

Answer 23

refers to an individual or groups ability to control or influence another person or group, even when they try to resist this influence

Question 24

groupthink

Answer 24

way of thinking by individual members of a group characterised by a strong tendency to seek agreement when decision making or problem solving thereby overriding any realistic considerations of possible alternative, better options.

Question 25

social comparison

Answer 25

process of evaluating our attitudes and abilities by comparing ourselves to other people

Question 26

obidience

Answer 26

occurs when we follow the commands of someone with authority, or the rules, or laws of our society.

Question 27

conformity

Answer 27

tendency to adjust once thought feelings of behaviours so that they are more consistent with those of other people, or with accepted standards about how person should behave in certain situations

Question 28

social loafing

Answer 28

Where people are less productive when working in a team

Question 29

influences of media on behaviour

Answer 29

tv-
use of education kids learn words
Exposure to aggression and violence
Video games -
Can be used to educate in train
Excess can cause bad hygiene due to distractions
Social media -
Fostering a supportive social network
Can be a distractor and impact learning
Advertising-
Useful to those who shop online
Unrealistic life ideas perpetuated by ads

Question 30

negative impact of social media and gaming addictions

Answer 30

Affect physical mental and social well-being by not exercising unrealistic expectations and not going out with friends

Question 31

anti-conformity

Answer 31

Deliberate refusal to comply with accepted standards in a society

Question 32

reactants theory

Answer 32

A response to a perceived threat or loss of their freedom to think feel or behave as they want to

Question 33

Heuristic

Answer 33

A strategies for solving a problem or making a decision that is based on experience with similar types of problems but cannot guarantee a correct outcome

Question 34

DeIndividuation

Answer 34

Reduce self awareness, inhibiting feelings of personal responsibility and inner restraint that can occur when in a crowd

Question 35

factors affecting conformity

Answer 35

the size of the group

whether or not the group members are unanimous in their views

whether the group is viewed as being a valuable source of information

awareness of accepted standards about how one should behave (normative influence)

cultural background

social loafing.