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Psycho Perception > Visual Object recognition > Flashcards

Visual Object recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Agnosia

A

broad range of deficits related to recognition

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2
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

involves deficits in visually-based object recognition, which occur in the absence of other accompanying problems with lower-level visual processing (i.e. those affected still have intact visual sensation

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3
Q

hierarchical nature of visual processing

A

We go through different stages of processing to recognize objects

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4
Q

amodal form of knowledge

A

independent of any one modality but able to be be accessed/retrieved on the basis of various kinds of sensory input?

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5
Q

modal form of knowledge

A

always tied to a particular modality and thus only accessible on the basis of modality-specific kinds of processing?

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6
Q

Amodal example

A

visual input can activate neurons in the visual cortex, which in turn can then activate neurons elsewhere in the brain (e.g. the hippocampus?), which is where the concept is actually stored/represented

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7
Q

Modal example

A

visual input can activate neurons in the visual cortex, which in and of themselves actually store/represent the concept

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8
Q

Apperceptive agnosia

A

Typically involves an inability to recognize familiar objects based on shape

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9
Q

a way to think about apperceptive agnosia

A

primarily affecting one’s ability to form a coherent mental representation (i.e. percept, or pattern, ‘putting the pieces together’)

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10
Q

global level

A

the whole object being perceived

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11
Q

Local level

A

small portions of stimuli being processed

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12
Q

what level do visual agnosia patients have trouble perceiving? (global or local)

A

the global level

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13
Q

what is a navon figure used for

A

used to test for impairments in local or global processing

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14
Q

lateralization related to global vs local processing

A

Global features tend to be preferentially processed when stimuli are presented to the left visual field, Local features tend to be preferentially processed when stimuli are presented to the right visual field

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15
Q

associative agnosia

A

Involves an inability to connect visual perceptions with meaning/memory

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16
Q

what stages are affected by apperceptive agnosia

A

May primarily affect earlier stages of visual processing related to sensation

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17
Q

what stages are affected associated agnosia

A

May primarily affect later stages of visual processing related to perception (higher-level meaning)

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18
Q

a way to think about associative agnosia

A

capable of ‘putting together the pieces’ of a stimuli to form a coherent mental representation (i.e. pattern, perception, etc.) of whatever they’re visually processing but then can’t connect that with any meanin

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19
Q

copying objects and apperceptive agnosia

A

pretty much entirely unable to copy the model objects

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20
Q

copying objects and associative agnosia

A

their drawings very clearly stand out as looking ‘abnormal’`

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21
Q

Anomia

A

impairments in object naming which can also occur in patients with visual agnosia

22
Q

category specific visual agnosia

A

These involve more selective impairments in identifying objects belonging to a particular category

23
Q

prosopagnosia

A

selective agnosia for faces

24
Q

prosopagnosia can result from 2 things

A

damage (e.g. stroke) or be congenital (present from birth)

25
Q

Type identification

A

higher-level (superordinate) category

26
Q

Token identification

A

specific examples from a given category

27
Q

One debate in the literature is whether or not the function of the FFA

A

is intrinsic (e.g. coded for in our genes), as compared to dependent on experience

28
Q

Inversion effects

A

are strong for faces, and are said to occur for stimuli that people have difficulty noticing unusual details (anomalies) in when turned upside down

29
Q

A neurological model (structural model)

A

Focuses on the physiology of the brain and Tend to be built on direct measurement (fMRI data)

30
Q

A cognitive model (process model)

A

Focusses on the cognitive processes, and in particular the stages of information processing, Tend to be built on indirect inferences

31
Q

Library model for visual object processing

A

we can look up an address (e.g. a numeric code) for a particular book in a database at a library, then use that address to locate the book within the library shelving system

32
Q

two major stages in the library model

A

processing of structural representations , ‘Visual semantics

33
Q

processing structural representations

A

involves forming a mental representation with a coherent pattern/perception

34
Q

Visual semantics

A

during which those abstract structural representations get matched to stuff in memory, which allows you to extract/impose meaning on the stimuli

35
Q

example of the cognitivie model

A

Library model

36
Q

criticisms of a library model?

A

not quantitative, descriptive rather than explanatory, Not constrained by/does not incorporate what we know about the brain

37
Q

dorsal stream

A

where pathway

38
Q

ventral stream

A

what pathway

39
Q

critisism of the what where pathway

A

Doesn’t necessarily always explain the behaviour. we want to explain relevant physiology and cognitive process

40
Q

variations in prosopagnosia

A

dissociations, within catagory impairment

41
Q

dissociations is prosopagnosia

A

one case study in which the patient could recognize facial expressions but not identify faces (e.g. recognize who they belonged to), another case study in which a patient could identify faces but not facial expressions

42
Q

Within-category impairments

A

being unable to discriminate being objects in a category

43
Q

what di deficits and and within category impairments suggest?

A

deficits in face perception may be the most likely/obvious symptom, what we refer to as prosopagnosia may more generally reflect a loss of perpetual expertise (which may be most obvious as it applies to facial processing for the average person)

44
Q

the expertise hypothesis

A

FFA is more generally used to process any stimuli that one develops expertise in within the visual domain

45
Q

greebles are processed

A

configurally

46
Q

what stream is the FFA located within?

A

ventral stream

47
Q

evidence for specialized modules in and around the ventral stream

A

FFA, Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA), Extrastriate Body Area (EBA)

48
Q

Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA)

A

Selectively response to places/scenes/landscapes

49
Q

Damage to the PPA is associated with what?

A

difficulty recognizing places/scenes/landscapes (topographic agnosia)

50
Q

Extrastriate Body Area (EBA)

A

Selectively responds to body parts

51
Q

Electrocorticography (ECoG)

A

records electrical signals directly from the cortex surface

52
Q

using ECoG

A

can actually use this method to alter brain activity and ask patient what they are perceiving

Psycho Perception (10 decks)

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