Decision making Flashcards
deterministic behaviors
out of our control like a reflex
non-deterministic decisions
given the same stimulus inputs, an individual may respond to it in different ways, depending upon the context
To begin with, we can distinguish between three broad kinds of decisions, which may all have underlying differences in their neurology
- perceptual decisions
- value-based decisions
- foraging decisions
perceptual decisions
focus on a decision that is the straightforward clear objectively right answer
Value-based decisions
more complex where there isn’t a singularly correct answer
Foraging Decisions
animalistic
random dot motion stimulus
all dots move in the same direction or all dots can move in different directions “coherence”
activity of neurons in ______ were found to be closely related to ______
Medial Temporal region, coherence of motion
Eye movements are controlled by the
frontal eye fields (FEF) and superior colliculus (SC)
The lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) links
the MT with the FEF and SC
role of LIP neurons
suggest LIP neurons are somehow involved in the decision making and/or motor planning process(es), rather than a role that is limited to perceptual processing
Neuroeconomics
Comparisons between different kinds of options rely on this abstract measure of subjective value, a kind of “common currency” for choice
expectancy value theory has two primary variables
Gain, Probablility
Gain
the result expected to come from a particular action
Probability
the probability associated with an expected gain
expectancy value theory
rational decision makers should multiple expected gains by their associated probabilities to help maximize decisions
expected value from a decision caused firing where?
the activity in LIP neurons was closely related to the expected value
Amodal decsion making location
orbito-medial PFC, or omPFC could represent a good target for such a role
The omPFC receives input from
from all modalities and limbic areas
Value transitivity
the value of one item can be expressed in terms of a quantity of any other
three different kinds of neurons in the OFC which responded to different properties
- One type of neuron was interpreted as representing the value of a specific juice
- Another type of neuron was interpreted as representing the value of the other juice
- Another type of neuron was interpreted as representing the value of the choice, that is, the difference in value between the two options
three dimensions of foraging decisions
Encounter value
search value
search cost
encounter value
the value of exploiting whatever option/resource one has currently available to them
Search vlaue
: the potential value in exploring and stumbling upon a better option/resource than what is currently available
search cost
the energetic cost (e.g. calories) of searching for more options
Dorsomedial frontal cortex activation (dmFC, which includes the anterior cingulate cortex, or ACC)
foraging decisions
