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KIN 120 - REC/PERSONS W DISABILITIES > Visual Impairment > Flashcards

Visual Impairment Flashcards

1
Q

Quality of vision is referred to in terms of what?

A
  • acuity and field
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2
Q

What does the 20/20 method measure?

A
  • visual acuity of eye
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3
Q

What is field of vision?

A
  • area within which objects can be seen when eyes are fixed straight ahead
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4
Q

What is visual impairment/vision loss?

A
  • refers to a range of visual ability - legal blindness,

partially sighted, totally blind

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5
Q

What is legal blindness?

A
  • 20/200 in the better eye even with the best
    correction
  • 200 FOV
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6
Q

What does it mean to be partially sighted?

A
  • can make out shapes and object
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7
Q

What is the average age for someone with a visual impairment?

A
  • 40
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8
Q

What percentage of Canadians will experience vision loss after the age of 65?

A
  • 1/9
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9
Q

What percentage of Canadians will experience vision loss after the age of 80?

A
  • 1/4
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10
Q

What are some common causes of vision loss in children?

A
  • congenital cataracts, optic nerve disease, retinopathy of prematurity
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11
Q

What are some common causes of vision loss in adults?

A
  • cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetes
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12
Q

What is the retina?

A
  • inner lining of eyeball
  • expansion of optic nerve
  • sensory receptors for light
  • tissue which lines the inside of the eye and sends visual images to the brain
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13
Q

What are three conditions of the retina to be aware of?

A
  • detachment, pigmentosa & glaucoma
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14
Q

What is retinal detachment?

A
  • retina separates from back of the eye and detaches causing blurry or blind spot in field of vision
  • as cells die vision is lost
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15
Q

Why does the retina detach?

A
  • detaches because of small tares or holes
  • fluid may seep through the small tares and flow between back wall of eye and the retina
  • eye diseases,
    complications of diabetes and or tumours
  • avoid activities that will jar the head
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16
Q

What is retinal pigmentosa?

A
  • inherited
  • slow but progressive degeneration of retinal cells causing loss of vision (light sensing cells)
  • restricts vision field, causes tunnel vision and
    night blindness
  • avoid low light activities
17
Q

What is glaucoma?

A
  • increased pressure inside of the eyeball damages optic nerve
  • affects peripheral vision and with time can affect central vision and can result in complete loss of vision
  • avoid activities that include increased eye pressure (swimming)
18
Q

What is retinopathy of prematurity?

A
  • abnormal growth of blood vessels within the retina and vitreous that occurs in some premature infants
  • nutrients are not delivered to the retina properly
  • blood vessels are fragile and prone to leak
19
Q

What can later stages of retinopathy of prematurity lead to?

A
  • can lead to the formation of scar tissue on the retina, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment
20
Q

How can ROP damage the brain?

A
  • oxygen is poorly circulated/regulated in the incubator and too much oxygen damages the retina, may cause mild damage to the brain
21
Q

What is cataracts?

A
  • clouding of the lens of the eye

- may affect just a small part of the lens, or it may cloud the entire lens

22
Q

What does the lens of the eye do?

A
  • located near the front of the eye

- focuses light on the retina, to form the images we see

23
Q

What can cause changes in the medical makeup of the lens?

A
  • aging, certain medications (e.g. steroids), genetics, eye injuries, or certain diseases can cause cataracts
24
Q

Can children get cataracts?

A
  • yes, congenital cataracts

- inherited, or cause by an eye infection before birth?

25
Q

What are some causes of cataracts?

A
  • caused by a change in the chemical makeup of the lens

- eye injuries, such as a hard blow, puncture, cut, intense heat, or chemical burn can damage the lens, diabetes

26
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • change in blood vessels that feed retina

- vessels can either dry up and prevent nutrients from reaching retina or they can leak and ‘flood’ the area

27
Q

How many diabetics get diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • 1/4
28
Q

What is proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • as the disease advances, blood vessels become blocked or closed and parts of retina die
  • new blood vessels grow, abnormally, and tend to bleed into eyes, blocking vision
  • scar tissue forms, retina tears, and retina can detach itself from the back of the eye
29
Q

How can retinopathy be treated?

A
  • lasers seal leaky vessels, stop growth of new ones
30
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A
  • most common cause of severe vision loss in Canada, esp. among elderly
  • blurred central vision
  • macula can become distorted or thin, or abnormal blood vessels develop and leak fluid and blood under macula, into retina
31
Q

How can vision impairment affect development?

A
  • motor development and performance is often delayed in infants who have a visual impairment
  • lack of play and social skills
32
Q

How can visual impairment affect physical activity?

A
  • can be difficult to teach movement patterns
  • lowered fitness than sighted peers
  • mechanical inefficiency in gait in unfamiliar areas
33
Q

What are some considerations for physical activity opportunities?

A
  • brightly coloured & auditory equipment
  • make distinction between surfaces to indicate out of bounds
  • braille on swimming pool walls
  • guidewires
  • difficulty with spatial awareness and body image
34
Q

What are some considerations for movement?

A
  • walking in a straight line; making turns
  • facing sounds, people
  • find starting point after a short walk
  • relate direction to sunshine
35
Q

What are some considerations for sound usage?

A
  • bouncing objects
  • catch bouncing object
  • follow a voice
  • jump rope
36
Q

What are some considerations for orientation and mobility training?

A
  • demonstrate/talk about how to play
  • pump legs while swinging
  • jungle gym
  • teeter-totter with friends
37
Q

What are some considerations for safety?

A
  • orientation (landmarks, anchor points)

- consistent, clutter–free area

38
Q

What are some considerations for communication?

A
  • descriptive language
  • brailling or hand-body manipulation
  • augmented sensory information (beeper balls,
    bright colour strip on badminton net etc.)
  • ‘buddies’
  • use residual vision – large print, contrasting colours
39
Q

How can you guide and describe?

A
  • person with VI holds the back of your arm above elbow
  • walk side by side
  • verbal indications of steps (up or down)
  • change in surface (incline, decline, hole)
  • doors (push or pull open)

KIN 120 - REC/PERSONS W DISABILITIES (11 decks)

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