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KIN 120 - REC/PERSONS W DISABILITIES > Cerebral Palsy > Flashcards

Cerebral Palsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A
  • chronic neurological disorder of movement and posture caused by a defect or lesion on immature brain
  • varies in severity
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2
Q

What does cerebral mean?

A
  • it means brain
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3
Q

What does palsy means?

A
  • disorder of posture or movement

- lack of movement

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4
Q

What kind of deficit is cerebral palsy?

A
  • primarily a motor deficit
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5
Q

What is mild severity?

A
  • general clumsiness may have a slight limp
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6
Q

What is severe cerebral palsy?

A
  • ambulatory difficulty, inability to speak with spoken words, almost no control of motor function
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7
Q

What are some causes of cerebral palsy?

A
  • prenatal: 30% prenatal
  • perinatal: 60% (20 week of gestation to 28 days after birth)
  • postnatal: 10%
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8
Q

What are some prenatal causes of cerebral palsy?

A
  • fetal anoxia
  • poor nutrition
  • chemical toxins
  • maternal health problems
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9
Q

What are some perinatal causes of cerebral palsy?

A
  • premature birth
  • difficult delivery
  • prolonged labour
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10
Q

What are some postnatal causes of cerebral palsy?

A
  • head injury (brain hemorrhages, infections, tumours)

- physical abuse

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11
Q

What do symptoms depend on?

A
  • depends on which area of the brain has been damaged
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12
Q

What are some symptoms of cerebral palsy?

A
  • muscle tightness or spasm
  • involuntary movement
  • difficulty with gross motor skills such as walking or running, or fine motor skills such as writing and speaking
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13
Q

What are some difficulties associated with cerebral palsy?

A
  • difficulties in feeding, poor bladder and bowel control, breathing problems, and pressure sores
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14
Q

What are some left side brain damage symptoms?

A
  • weak or paralyzed left side
  • spatial/perceptual deficits
  • behavioural style: quick and impulsive
  • memory deficits in performance
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15
Q

What are some right side brain damage symptoms?

A
  • weak or paralyzed right side
  • speech/language deficits
  • behavioural style: slow, cautious
  • memory deficits in language
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16
Q

What are the two main types or classifications of cerebral palsy?

A
  • limb involvement

- muscle tone/movement

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17
Q

What are the types of limb related disabilities in regards to cerebral palsy??

A
  • monoplegia
  • diplegia
  • hemiplegia
  • triplegia
  • quadriplegia
18
Q

What are the types muscle tone/movement disabilities in regards to cerebral palsy??

A
  • spasticity
  • athetosis
  • ataxia
19
Q

What is monoplegia?

A
  • only one limb is affected, usually an arm
20
Q

What is diplegia?

A
  • all four limbs are involved

- both legs are more severely affected than the arms

21
Q

What is hemiplegia?

A
  • one side of the body is affected

- the arm is usually more involved than the leg (arm is worse)

22
Q

What is triplegia?

A
  • the limbs are affected, usually both arms and a leg
23
Q

What is quadriplegia?

A
  • all four limbs are involved
24
Q

What is spastic cerebral palsy?

A
  • most common (50-60%)
  • excessive muscle tone, abnormal tightness and stiffness characterized by hypertonic involuntary muscle contractions
  • difficulty relaxing muscles when attempting purposeful movement
25
Q

What is hyperactive stretch reflex in regards to spastic cerebral palsy?

A
  • spasticity affects flexor muscle groups (think pull motion)
26
Q

How are the upper limbs effected by hyperactive stretch reflex in regards to spastic cerebral palsy?

A
  • upper limb involvement leads to pronated forearms with flexion at elbows, writs and fingers
27
Q

How are the lower limbs effected by hyperactive stretch reflex in regards to spastic cerebral palsy?

A
  • spastic lower limbs may be rotated inward, flexed at hip joint, knees flexed and adducted, heels are lifted off of ground
28
Q

What are contractors/deformities in relation to spastic cerebral palsy?

A
  • typically muscles on one side relax when others contract, but if contractors are present this does not happen
  • associated with a hyperactive stretch reflex
29
Q

What is athetosis cerebral palsy?

A
  • affects 30% of people with CP
  • overflow of motor impulses so muscles are characterized by constant, slow, unpredictable and purposeless movement caused by fluctuating muscle tone (hypotonic and/or hypertonic)
30
Q

What are some effects and aspects of athetosis cerebral palsy?

A
  • fluctuating muscle tone
  • problems with visual pursuit and focus (can affect ability to perform hand-eye coordination)
  • involuntary & purposeless movement
  • fine muscle coordination is difficult
  • commonly affects upper extremities and head
  • many will use wheelchairs for mobility
  • gait is described as unsteady
31
Q

What is ataxia cerebral palsy?

A
  • affects 10% of people with CP
  • damage to cerebellum
  • poor balance and trunk control
  • uncoordinated movement
  • involuntary movement of trunk and extremities
  • hypotonic
  • walk with wide gate
32
Q

What is considered mild cerebral palsy?

A
  • can walk, speech somewhat affected
33
Q

What is considered moderate cerebral palsy?

A
  • difficulty with speech and locomotion
34
Q

What is considered severe cerebral palsy?

A
  • use of wheelchair, difficult to understand
35
Q

What are some medical and health concerns linked to cerebral palsy?

A
  • oral dental
  • speech (35-75%)
  • visual (55-60%)
  • sensory deficits
  • convulsive disorders (25-50%)
  • ID (30-70%)
  • hip dislocation, scoliosis, foot deformities
  • major reflex problems (80-90%)…
36
Q

What are pathological reflexes?

A
  • slower and consists of extension of the great toe with fanning of the other toes and often knee and hip flexion
  • reflexes interfere with smooth, coordinated movement
37
Q

What is asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?

A
  • when head is turned to one side, arm on
    that side extends while opposite arm flexes
  • startle reflex
38
Q

In what ways can people with cerebral palsy have trouble eating?

A
  • Severe gag reflex
  • problems with feeding and oral hygiene
  • slow eating, spillage, poor (or no) coordination of oral muscles and swallowing mechanisms
  • inadequate nutrition
  • dehydration
  • metabolism of medication
39
Q

What are some physical activity considerations to keep in mind when working with someone with cerebral palsy?

A
  • relaxed atmosphere
  • warm water swimming beneficial
  • perform slow, prolonged stretches
  • work through full ROM
  • encourage independent movement
  • make use of functional ability
  • stretch daily
  • avoid abnormal, involuntary, non-functional muscle patterns
40
Q

Motor performance of someone with cerebral palsy is compared to a person of what age?

A
  • a child - age 7
41
Q

What are things to consider when attempting to properly seat someone in their wheel chair?

A
  • must have proper alignment
  • hips at 90 and in contact with back of chair
  • thighs slightly abducted and in contact with seat
  • knees, elbows, ankles at 90 degree flexion
  • limit pressure on back of knees
  • feet should be flat
  • head and neck in midline

KIN 120 - REC/PERSONS W DISABILITIES (11 decks)

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