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Neuropsych > Visual and Auditory systems > Flashcards

Visual and Auditory systems Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Receptors

A

cells that convert energy to neural activity

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2
Q

Vision Receptors

A

Light is converted to chemical energy

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3
Q

Auditory Receptors

A

Air pressure converted to mechanical energy

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4
Q

Somatosensory Receptors

A

Mechanical energy activates mechanoreceptors

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5
Q

Gustatory/Olfactory Receptors

A

Molecules fit to receptors

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6
Q

Pain Receptors

A

Tissue damage releases chemicals

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7
Q

What happens when the hair on an arm is displaced?

A

the dendrite of a somatosensory neuron is wrapped around the base of a hair. When the hair is displaced, the dendrite is stretched by the displacement

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8
Q

What happens in response to a dendrite stretching?

A

Sodium channels open which leads to an action potentioal

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9
Q

Receptive Fields

A

Neurons have these–> part that only responds to a specific stimulus

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10
Q

Rapidly Adapting Receptors

A

Detect whether something is there

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11
Q

Slowly Adapting Receptors

A

React to stimulation more slowly

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12
Q

Exteroreceptive

A

Receptors that respond to external stimuli

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13
Q

Interoreceptive

A

Receptors that respond to our own activity

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14
Q

Periaqueductal Gray Matter

A

Pain pathway

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15
Q

Where does message modification occur?

A

At Neural Relays

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16
Q

Gating

A

Inhibition of sensory information

Why we dont feel possible sever pain when excited

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17
Q

Topographic Organization

A

a neural spatial representation of the world

Different regions of the brain represent different aspects of the sensory input

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18
Q

Rods

A

photoreceptor that is sensitive to dim light

Mainly used for night vision

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19
Q

Cones

A

Used for daytime vision

Signal spatial detail and color

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20
Q

Where are cones located?

A

in the foveal region

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21
Q

Where are rods located?

A

the rest of the retina

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22
Q

Retinal Ganglion Cells

A

collect at the blind spot and leave to form the optic nerve

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23
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

Where two optic nerves meet

Half the fibers from each eye cross

24
Q

Where is the right eyes visual field represented?

A

The left hemisphere

25
Q

Where is the left eyes visual field represented?

A

The right hemisphere

26
Q

Geniculostriate Pathway

A

LGN –> Striate Cortex–> Visual Cortex

Pattern Analysis

27
Q

Visual Form Agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects

symptom of damage to geniculostriate syste,

28
Q

Tectopulvinar System

A

Detection and orientation of visual stimuli

Superior Colliculus–> Pulvinar–> Visual Cortex

29
Q

Visual Ataxia

A

the inability to recognize where objects are located

30
Q

Hemianopia

A

vision loss of the right vision field

31
Q

Quadrantanopia

A

Vision loss in 1/4 of the vision field

32
Q

Scotoma

A

a blind spot in the vision field

33
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

Vision for action

34
Q

Ventral Stream

A

Object perception and perceiving certain types of movements

35
Q

Area V5

A

specialized to detect motion

36
Q

Area V4

A

Area of color

37
Q

What happens when V4 area is damaged?

A

People only see shades of grey and can’t recognize faces

38
Q

Damage to Left OTG

A

Difficulty Reading
Can’t read
Unable to name colors

39
Q

Damage to Right OTG

A

Difficulty recognizing peoples faces and identifying handwriting

40
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Facial recognition deficit

41
Q

Apperceptive Agnosia

A

Failure of perception

42
Q

Associative Agnosia

A

Failure to recognize an object

43
Q

8th Cranial Nerve

A

Carries auditory and vestibular information

44
Q

What is the range of human hearing?

A

-20-20,000 hz

45
Q

Pinna

A

Found in the outer ear

catches waves of air pressure

46
Q

Ossicles

A

Found in the middle ear
3 smallest bones of the human body
Attach the eardrum to the inner ear

47
Q

Cochlea

A

Found in the inner ear

Contains hair cells

48
Q

Hair cells

A

Auditory sensory receptors

49
Q

Organ of Corti

A

part of the basilar membrane where hair cells are found

50
Q

Where is the basilar membrane found?

A

In the cochlea

51
Q

Where are high frequency sounds heard?

A

at the base of the basilar membrane

52
Q

Where are low frequencies heard?

A

at the apex of the basilar membrane

53
Q

Inner hair cells

A

Sensory cells

54
Q

Outer hair cells

A

Amplifiers

55
Q

What forms the lateral lemniscus?

A

the axons in the ventral cochlear nucleus

56
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

A

First cortical structure to process incoming auditory information

57
Q

Vestibular System

A

Involved in balance, eye movement and body position in space

Neuropsych (14 decks)

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