Language Flashcards
Phonemes
combine to form morphemes
Morphemes
The smallest units of a word
Syntax
grammar
Lexicon
The collection of all words in a given language
Semantics
The meaning connected to words and sentences
Prosody
Tone of voice
Discourse
Connecting sentences so that they form a narrative
Damage to Broca’s left area/Broca’s Aphasia
Spared comprehension but poor speech production
What connects the two language areas?
The arcuate fasciculus
Wernicke-Geschwind Model
Comprehension is extracted from sounds in wernicke’s area, passed over the arcuate fasciculus pathway to Broca’s area to be articulated as speech
Whats wrong with the classic model?
It’s too simple
Model fails to account for clusters of aphasias
Wada Procedure
Impairs spoken language comprehension on some tasks but not others
What is the wada procedure used for?
To determine which side of the brain is responsible for certain vital cognitive functions
TMS
electrical stimulation over a particular part of the cortex disrupts or enhances neural processing in that area
Dorsal
Bottom up processes
Ventral
Top down processes
Phonemic Restoration Effect
The brain’s ability to replace missing phonemes by filling them in based on context
Anterior extent of Broca’s area
Stimulation by TMS inhibits semantic processing
Posterior extent of Broca’s area
Stimulation by TMS inhibits phonological processing
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Inability to comprehend words or arrange sounds into coherent speech
Transcortical Aphasia
Can repeat and understand words but cant speak spontaneously
Cant comprehend words although they can be repeated
Conduction Aphasia
Can speak normally but can’t repeat words
Anomic Aphasia
Difficulty finding the names of objects
Transcortical motor aphasia
trouble with spontaneous speech production
Global Aphasia
Speech and comprehension is poor
