Memory Flashcards
Explicit Memory
Conscious, intentional remembering
Declarative memory
Top down processing
Semantic Memory
Facts
Episodic Memory
Events
Implicit Memory
Unconscious, non intentional
Memory of skills and habits
Procedural memory
Emotional memory
Like implicit memory, affective
3 types of memory
Explicit, Implicit and Emotional memory
Amnesia
Partial or total loss of memory
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to acquire new memories
Retrograde Amnesia
Inability to access old memories
2 types of Explicit memory
Semantic and Episodic
Brain Regions of Episodic Memory
Temporal Lobe –> Uncinate Fasciculus –> Ventral Frontal Lobe
Who is the patient that has been studied to determine the involvement of the hippocampus in memory?
H.M.
Bilateral hippocampal damage
Associated with severe amnesia but spared implicit learning
Semantic Dementia
Problems with semantic memory without loss of episodic memory
What is semantic dementia associated with?
degeneration to anterior temporal lobes
Uncinate Fasciculus
Fiber pathway that connects the temporal and ventral frontal cortex
What is damage to the uncinate fasciculus associated with?
Semantic deficits
Short term Memory
Memory for recent events and their order
What is short term memory mediated by?
Frontal Cortex
What are the short term memory systems in the frontal cortex?
Separate systems for short term spatial memory and short term object memory
What is involved in emotional memory?
The amygdala
What disrupts emotional memory?
damage to the amygdala
What does implicit memory involve?
Basal ganglia
Motor cortex
Cerebellum
Huntington’s Disease
Cellular degeneration in the basal ganglia
What is activated during the Pursuit Rotor Task?
Motor Cortex Plasticity
Cerebellum
Plays a role in classical conditioning
Temporal Cortex
Includes the entorhinal and perirhinal cortexes
Entorhinal and Perirhinal Cortexes
Project to the hippocampus
Damage to Rhinal Cortex
Severe anterograde/ retrograde impairments on object recognition tests
Removal of right temporal cortex
Deficits in face recognition, spatial position, and maze learning
Removal of left temporal cortex
Deficits in recall of word lists, non spatial associations
Left prefrontal cortex
Encoding semantic and episodic info.
Right prefrontal cortex
Episodic info. retrieval
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Caused by vitamin B1 deficiency from alcohol intake
What does Korsakoff’s damage?
Medial thalamus
mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus
Frontal Lobe
Asperger’s syndrome
Form of autism
Individuals have high intellectual function and memory abilities
Savant
Person who has intellectual disability but has special ability in math, memory, or music
HSAM
Incredible memory ability–> Can completely recall events in their lives
Alzheimer’s Disease
Begins with cellular change in the medial temporal cortex and anterograde amnesia
System Consolidation Theory
Hippocampus consolidates memories, hold them for a time, and then send them to be stored elsewhere
Multiple Trace Theory
3 kinds of memory: Autobiographic, Factual semantic, and General semantic memory
Multiple Trace Theory definition
Old memories are more resistant to amnesia because they change location in the brain as they are recalled
Reconsolidation Theory
Each time memory is used, it is reconsolidated
