Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Opthalmology > Vision Loss > Flashcards

Vision Loss Flashcards

1
Q

Give causes of sudden visual loss

A 
vascualr
retinal detachment
ARMD- wet type
closed angle glaucoma
optic neuritis
stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of centrlal retinal artery occlusion

A

sudden visual loss
profound
painless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the signs of CRAO

A

RAPD

pale oedematous retina, thread like retinal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the causes of CRAO and which is most common

A

carotid artery disease - most common

emboli from heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are CRAO patients managed

A

if presents within 24 hrs- ocular massage
carotid dopples
assess and manage risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is amaurosis fugax

A

a transient CRAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the symptoms of a tranient CRAO

A

painless visual loss like a curtain coming down
lasts less than five minutes with a full recovery
usually no abnormal examination findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How should transient CRAO patients be managed

A

refer to TIA clinic

aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the systemic and ocular causes of central retinal vein occlusion

A

Systemic= virchow’s traid - atherosclerosis, hypertension and hyperviscosity
Ocular causes= reaised intra occular pressure (venous stasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms of central retinal vein occlusion

A

sudden vision loss

moderate to sever visual loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the sings of crvo

A

retinal haemorrhages
dilated tortuous veins
disc swelling and macular swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

pcclusion of the optic nerve hear circulation ie occlusion of the posterior ciliary arteries resulting in infarction of the optic nerve head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

arteriritc - inflammation
non arteritic- atherosclerosis

Both cause sudden profound vision loss with a swollen disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

Giant cell arteritis- medium to large sized arteries become inflammed and lumen of arteries becomes occlued (PCA) resulting in vision loss due to ischaemia of the optic nerve head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the visual symptoms of arteritic ischaemic neuropathy

A

sudden vision loss
profound blindness
irreversible blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the sympotms of giant cell temporal arteritis

A 
headache
jaw claudication
scalp tenderness
tender enlarged scalp arteries 
amayrosis fugax
malaise
high ESR, PV and CRP
biopsy for diagnosis
17
Q

How can you prevent bilateral blindness in a patient with arteritic ischaemic neuropathy due to giant cell arthertisi

A

immediate steroids

18
Q

What can give you a vitreous haemorrhage

A

bleeding from abnormal vessels eg retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy
Bleeding occurs from retinal vessels eg with a retinal tear

19
Q

What are the symptoms of a vitrous haemorrhage

A

loss of vision

floaters

20
Q

What are the signs of vitreous haemorrhage

A

loss of red reflex

No RAPD

21
Q

What are symptoms of retinal detachment

A

painless loss of vision

sudden onset of flashes/floaters

22
Q

What signs may be present in retinal detachment

A

RAPD

tear on opthalmoscopy

23
Q

What are the two types of ARMD

A

dry (gradual vision loss)

wet (sudden)

24
Q

What is wet ARMD

A

new blood vessels grow under retina - leakage causes build up of fluid/blood and eventually scarring

25
Q

What are the symptoms and signs of wet ARMD

A

rapid central visual loss
distortion (metmorphosia)
sign- haemorrhage/exudate

26
Q

How is wet ARMD treated

A

anti VEGF treatment - prevent new blood vessels growing

27
Q

Give the causes of gradual vision loss

A 
Cataract
ARMD (dry)
Refreactive error
Diabetic retinopathy
Inherited disease eg retinitis pigmentos
Glaucoma
Acces to eye clinic Non urgert
'CARDIGAN'
28
Q

Name some causes of cataractd

A 
age
congenital
traumatic
diabetes
drug induced (steroids)
29
Q

What is the treatment of cataracts

A

management is surgical removal with intra ocular lens implat if patient is symptomatic

30
Q

What are the symptoms of dry ARMD

A

gradual decline in vision

central vision missing

31
Q

What are the signs of Dry ARMD

A

drusen- build up of waste products below retinal pigment epithelium
RPE changes- atrophy/hyperplasia

32
Q

What is short sighted

A

myopia

33
Q

What is long sighted

A

hypermetropia

34
Q

What is an astigmatism

A

irregular corneal curvature

35
Q

What is presbyopia

A

loss of accommodation with aging

Opthalmology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions