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Opthalmology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctivia

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2
Q

What is keratitis

A

corneal inflammation

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3
Q

What describes inflammation of the entire globe

A

endophthalmitis

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4
Q

what commonly causes bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates

A

staph aureus
neisseria gonorrhaeae
chlamydia thrachomatis

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5
Q

How should all cases of neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis be dealt with

A

refer to opthalmology

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6
Q

What are common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in general

A

staph aureus
strep pneumoniae
h,influenzae

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7
Q

What tends to cause conjunctivitis in children

A

h. influenzae

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8
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Swab

topical antibiotics vie drop or ointment

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9
Q

What topical antibiotic is used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis and how often is it administered

A

chloramphenical

four times daily

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10
Q

What group of patients should chloramphenicol be avoided in

A

aplastic anaemia

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11
Q

What is the most common contaminatnt of a topical antibiotic bottle

A

pseudomonas

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12
Q

What causes conjunctivitis in contact lense wearers

A

acanthamoeba

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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13
Q

Name three causes of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster

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14
Q

What does adenovirus conjunctivitis usually present with

A

chemosis
lip oedema
palpable pre auricular lymph node

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15
Q

What type of conjunctivitis ishould be suspected in young people with bilateral conjunctivitis

A

chlamydial

usually more chronic history

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16
Q

What is caused by chlamydial conjuncticitis

A

subtarsal scarring

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17
Q

what is often associated with a bacterial keratititis

A

hypopyon

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18
Q

how is bacterial keratitis managed

A

Need admission for hourly drops
Daily review
Usually in association with other corneal pathology or contact lens wear

19
Q

what causes viral keratitis

A

herpes

adenovirus

20
Q

what forms in herpetic keratis

A

dendritic ulcer

21
Q

why should you not treat herpetic keratitis with steroids

A

corneal melt and perforation of the cornea will occur

22
Q

what is important about adenovirus keratitis/conjunctivitis

A

it is contagious

23
Q

What other eye infections can result in a hypopyon

A

fungal

24
Q

what is the history usually like for fungal keratitis

A

trauma from vegetation

25
Q

What are the symptoms of orbital cellulitis

A

painful particularly when moving the eye
proptosis
paranasal sinusiits
pyrexia

26
Q

What scan should be done in patients with orbital cellulitis and why

A

CT scan to identify orbital abscesses

27
Q

what causes orbital cellulitis

A 
staph
strep
coliforms
haemophilus influenzae
anaerobes
28
Q

when can endopthalmitis occur

A

post surgery or can be endogenous

29
Q

What are the symptoms of endopthalmitis

A

very very painful
red eye
decreasing vision
sight threatening

30
Q

what organisms usually cause endopthalmitis

A

commensals

most common is Staph epidermidis

31
Q

what is the treatment of endopthalmitis

A

intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin

plus topical antibiotics

32
Q

What causes chorioretinitis

A 
CMV in AIDs
Toxoplasma gondii (protazoan)
Toxocara canis (worm) (parasite)
33
Q

How are keratitis diagnosed

A

corneal scrapes

34
Q

How is endopthalmitis diagnosed

A

aqueous/vitreous humour for cultur

35
Q

When is microscopy used

A

acanthamoeba

36
Q

When is serology used

A

toxoplasma and toxocara

37
Q

what three drugs can treat bacterial conjunctivitis

A

chloramphenicol
fusidic acid
gentamicin

38
Q

what bacteria cannot be treated by chloramphenicol and what should be used instead

A

pseudomonas

treat with gentamicin (gram negatives)

39
Q

what do you give for chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

topical oxytetracycline

adults need azithromycin for genital chlamydia infection

40
Q

what do you give for herpetic conjunctivits

A

topical or oral antivirals (aciclovir)

41
Q

how do you treat bacterial keratiis

A

either a 4 quinolone (ofloxacin)

or gentamicin and cefuroxime

42
Q

what bacteria does ofloxaxin treat

A

most gram negatives but NOT strep pneumoniae

43
Q

what will gentamycin and cefuroxime treat

A

most gram positive and gram negativ organisms

44
Q

what is dacrocystitis

A

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

Opthalmology (12 decks)

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