The Eye and Systemic Disease Flashcards
What is the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy
chronic hyperglycaemia –> glycosylation of protein/basement membrane–> loss of pericytes–>microaneurysm - leakage and ischaemia
What are signs of non proliferative retinopathy
microaneurysms/ dot haemorrhages hard exudate cotton wool pathes abnormal venous calibre intra retinal microvascular abnormalities
What is the name of new vessles forming on the iris
rubeosis iridis
severe ischaemia
Why do diabetic patients lose vision
retinal oedema affecting fovea
vitrous haemorrhage
scarring/tractional retinal detachment
What is the treatment of diabetic retinopathy
laser- PRP
macular grid
vitrectomy
When do you get a cherry red spot on fundus
CRAO
When can you get a rubeotic eye
New vessel formation due to ischaemia due to CRVO
Name diseases in which you can get uveitis
Infective= TB, herpes zoster, candidiasis, syphilis, lyme
Non infective- HLA- B 27, juvenile arthrisis, sarcoidosis, behet’s
What is the triad of sjogrens
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
xerostomia
RA (usually)
What are the dermotological manifestations of marfans
Stevens johnson syndrom erythema multiforme drud/food hypersensitvity maculopapular rash stomatitis conjunctivitis
What is stevens- johnson syndrome
symblepharon
occlusion of lacrimal glands
corneal ulcers
What are the features of hypertensive retinopathy
Attenuated blood vessels-copper or silver wiring cotton wool spots hard exudates retinal haemorrhage optic disc oedema venous/arteriolar 'nipping'
Who usually presents with worse hytertensive retinopahty
young people
What are the features of thyroid eye disease
Proptosis (most common cause) Lid lag Chemosis Glaucoma Lid retraction Pigmentation Injection Potentially blinding complications
What is a symblepharon
A symblepharon is a partial or complete adhesion of the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid to the bulbar conjunctiva of the eyeball.
