Vision Flashcards
what muscles control pupil diameter
dilator pupillae
sphincter pupillae
strength of cornea and lens in diopters?
cornea: 42
len: 20
describe emmetropia
when looking at far objects, lens flattens
when looking at near objects, lens bulges
descrime myopia (short sightedness)
lens too strong, eye too long. lens accommodates by staying flattened.
near vision is fine.
far vision - focsues before retina.
corrected by concave lens
describe hypertropia (far sightedness)
lens too weak, eye too short. lens stays round.
fine for far objects
for near objects, focuses too late
counteracted with convex lens
describe snellen chart
distance viewed/distance a normally sighted person can see the thing at
describe grating acuity test
easy
describe vernier acuity test
easy
describe presbyopia
far sightedness that comes from loss of elasticity of lens, so it stays round (old people)
what are the two types of photoreceptors
rods and cones
describe rods
- high light sensitivity
- single wavelength range: no colour vision
describe cones
- low light sensitivity
- 3 wavelength ranges - blue, green, red
describe phototransduction when there is light
causes conf change in rhodopsin activates g protein turns cGMP to GMP closes Na+ channel hyperpolarisation less glutamate released from photoreceptor
describe phototransduction when there isn’t light
no conf change in rhodopsin
cGMP bound to Na+, so it’s open.
relatively more glutamate is released
two factors affecting acuity
cone density
convergence ratio