Introduction to the nervous system

Question 1

People involved in histroy of neuroscience?

Answer 1

HAGRiD
hippocrates: brain responsible for thoughts, feelings and intelligence
aristotle: heart responsible for intelligence and emotions, brain is radiator that cools seething heart
Galen - found sheep ventricles; 4 humours moved through ventricles to regulate mental processes and mind balance.
Renaissance - Andreas Vesalius: structure of human ventricle s depicted
Descartes: mind responsible for intelligence and soul; connects with body through pineal gland

Question 2

prehistoric and more modern history of neuroscience

Answer 2

7000 years ago, skyll with two surgically opened holes
Recently
-CNS and PNS
-gyri and sulci
-grey and white matter

Question 3

difference between visceral, somatic and specialised sensory receptors?

Answer 3

visceral - monitor internal organs
somatic - collect somatosensory info
specialised - collect non somatosensory sensory info

Question 4

describe superior/inferior and posterior/anterior

Answer 4

Anterior  posterior = belly  back

Superior  inferior = top  bottom

Question 5

describe rostral/caudal and dorsal ventral in the brain

Answer 5

• Rostral  caudal = nose  back of head

* Dorsal  ventral = top of body  bottom of body

Question 6

describe rostral/caudal and dorsal ventral in the spinal cord

Answer 6

• Rostral  caudal

* Dorsal  ventral = back  f ront

Question 7

describe transverse, coronal and sagittal planes

Answer 7

transverse - horizonal section
sagittal- vertical section, cutting the nose.
coronal - vertical, cutting through the ears

Question 8

describe medial-lateral axis

Answer 8

medial is inside

lateral is anywhere else

Question 9

where are the cell bodies, axons and synapses of sensory neurons in the spinal cord found?

Answer 9

soma: dorsal root ganglion
axon: dorsal root
synapse: dorsal horn

Question 10

where are the cell bodies, axons and synapses of motor neurons in the spinal cord found?

Answer 10

soma: ventral horn
axon: venral root
synapse: muscles

Question 11

components of the diencephalon

Answer 11

thalamus - filter for sensory and motor info
hypothalamus - homeostasis
pituitary gland - endocrine, sex/stress
pineal gland - endocrine, sleep

Question 12

purpose of meninges

Answer 12

protect spinal cord

Question 13

3 layers of meninges

Answer 13

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 14

describe arachnoid mater

Answer 14

has arachnoic trabeculae

Question 15

whats in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 15

CSF, blood vessels (on top of pia), arachnoid trabeculae

Question 16

where is CSF made?

Answer 16

by choroid plexus

Question 17

where is CSF found?

Answer 17

ventricles, sub arachnoid space

Question 18

purpose of CSF?

Answer 18

protects brain

carries metabolic waste from brain to bloodstream

Question 19

describe ventricles

Answer 19

2 lateral, two are found below the lateral.

filled with CSF

Question 20

how is the blood brain barrier formed

Answer 20

astrocyte foot processes surround endothelial cells, produce paracrines that initiate tight junction formation - forms BBB

Question 21

how does blood reach the brain via the aorta?

Answer 21

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 22

how is the cerebral tissue supplied with blood

Answer 22

anterior, middle and posterior cerebral artery

Question 23

role of circle of willis

Answer 23

provides alternative blood source in case the major sources are blocekd.