Movement 4

Question 1

two aspects of area 6?

Answer 1

premotor area
supplementary motor area
-pre-SMA
-SMA proper

Question 2

describe premotor area

Answer 2

uses sensory input to guide movement

Question 3

describe SMA proper

Answer 3

plans movements guided by memory

Question 4

describe pre-SMA

Answer 4

learns new motor sequence

Question 5

PMC is aka

Answer 5

M1/Area 4

Question 6

inputs outputs of PMC

Answer 6

area six
somatosensory areas 1/2/3
output: upper motor neuron

Question 7

function of PMC

Answer 7

controls movement. only active when initiating movement

Question 8

does cerebellum damage cause issues to the ipsilateral or contralateral side?

Answer 8

ipsilateral - below the decussation

Question 9

describe vestibulocerebellum

Answer 9

• uses vestibular and proprioceptor info to adjust balance and posture
• damage:compensatory posture strategies; issues with balance/posture

Question 10

describe cerebrocerebellum

Answer 10

-input is the cerebral cortex, so involved in the planning and learning of movement

Question 11

describe the spinocerebellum

Answer 11

• inputs are the spinal cord and a motor copy of the movement from the motor cortex
• controls movement in progress, can regulate movement by modulating descending commands

Question 12

damage to cerebrospinocerebellum?

Answer 12

ataxia: uncoordinated/inaccurate movement
dysmergia: decomposition of synergestic multi joint movement
dysmetria: lack of coordination, resulting in overshoot or undershoot

Question 13

the 4 nuclei of the basal ganglia?

Answer 13

striatum
globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus
substantia nigra

Question 14

direct pathway acronym and thing

Answer 14

cute silly girls pee in silly napkins while reciting verbs
cortex + striatum - GPi /Nr + VLo +
positive feedback, facilitates cortex

Question 15

indirect pathway acronym and thing

Answer 15

cute silly girls pee and eat steak tonight while peeing in silly napkins and reciting verbs.
…striatum - GPe - STN + GPi/SNr …
negative feedback, inhibits cortex.

Question 16

Discuss dopamine - where its produced, receptors

Answer 16

made in substantia nigra
excitatory receptors in striatum of direct pathway, increasing facilitation; and inhibitory receptors in the striatum of the indirect pathway, increasing inhibition.

Question 17

describe hyperkinetic disorders

Answer 17

underactivity of indirect pathway leading to more movement. eg parkinsons disease, akinesia (being unable to initiate movement)

Question 18

describe hypokinetic disorders

Answer 18

overactivity of indirect pathway leading to less movement. eg. huntingtons disease and dyskinesia (involtunary movement)

Question 19

relation of parkinsons disease to the substantia nigra

Answer 19

damage –> less dopamine –> less activity of direct, more activity of indirect –> less movement

Question 20

treatment of parkinsons

Answer 20

increasing dopamine levels via less reuptake…

surgically stimulating the subthalamic nucleus and GPi