Vision

Question 1

… is a layer of neurons in the back of the eye

Answer 1

retina

Question 2

is the process of turning light into neural signals

Answer 2

transduction

Question 3

the bending of light rays - is done by the cornea when the light rays hit it

Answer 3

refraction

Question 4

the … changes shape to focus the image on retina

Answer 4

lens

Question 5

eye movement is controlled by three pairs of…

Answer 5

extraocular muscles

Question 6

…in the eye adjust the focus by changing the shape of the lens

Answer 6

cilliary muscles

Question 7

contraction of the ciliary muscles causes nearer or farther images to come into focus - the process of

• this becomes more difficult as you age because the lens becomes less elastic

Answer 7

accommodation

Question 8

are sensory neurons that detect light

Answer 8

photoreceptors

Question 9

…receive input from photoreceptors and synapse on ganglion cells, whose axons form the optic nerve, which carries information to the brain

Answer 9

bipolar cells

Question 10

…in the retina contact photoreceptors and bipolar cells

Answer 10

horizontal cells

Question 11

…contact bipolar and ganglion cells

Answer 11

amacrine cells

Question 12

…rods; high sensitivity to dim light; low acuity; insensitive to color; more. numerous in the periphery, absent in the fovea

Answer 12

scotopic system

Question 13

…cones; requires. more light; sensitive to different wavelengths, enabling color vision

Answer 13

photopic system

Question 14

adjustment of the size of the … (the opening in the iris) is one possible response to light intensity

Answer 14

pupil

Question 15

…uses different photoreceptors to handle different intensities- some with low thresholds (rods) and other with high thresholds (cones)

Answer 15

range fractionation

Question 16

…each photoreceptor adjusts its level of sensitivity to match the average ambient level of light

Answer 16

photoreceptor adaptation

Question 17

…is a measure of how much detail we see and is sharpest in the center of the visual field

Answer 17

visual acuity

Question 18

…in the center region of the retina has a high density of smaller, tightly-packed cones with high acuity

Answer 18

fovea

Question 19

the fovea also receives direct light input that:

Answer 19

does not pass through other cells or blood vessels

Question 20

• where blood vessels and ganglion cell axons leave the eye

Answer 20

optic disc

Question 21

• region on the retina that is sightless due to lack of photoreceptors in the optic disc

Answer 21

blind spot

Question 22

ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve, which extends to the …

Answer 22

occipital cortex