Memory and Learning Flashcards
the process of acquiring new information
learning
the ability to store and retrieve information, or the specific information stored in the brain
memory
a severe memory impairment
amnesia
… - loss of memories formed prior to the event (like trauma or surgery)
retrograde amnesia
the inability to form memories after an event
anterograde amnesia
memory deficit was caused by loss of the medial temporal lobe, including the ….
- surgical patients with similar surgery but an intact hippocampus showed no memory impairment
hippocampus
… facts and info acquired through learning that can be stated or described; used to answer “what” questions
- things you know that you can tell others
declarative memory
…shown by performance rather than recollection; used to answer “how” questions
- things you know that you can show by doing
non-declarative (procedural) memory
H.M’s ability to improve on this task showed he still had …
procedural memory
- Henry could form this type of memory as when he learned the skill of mirror tracing
that he couldn’t remember even doing it before showed he lacked …
declarative memory
- Henry Molaiosn was unable to form new d memories indicating that the hippocampus is needed to retain these memories
a test of object recognition memory that requires monkeys to declare what they remember
- monkeys must identify what was not seen previously, after a range of delay times
- medial temporal lobe damage, similar to Henry’s, causes impairment on this task
delayed non-matching-to-sample task
a degenerative disease of memory deficiency caused by damage to mammillary bodies, dorsomedial thalamus, and frontal cortex due to lack of thiamine- seen in chronic alcoholism
Korsakoff’s syndrome
patients… fill a gap in memory with a falsification
confabulate
generalized declarative memory
semantic memory
detailed autobiographical memory
episodic memory
learning to perform a challenging task through repetition (e.g., the mirror-tracing task)
skill learning
all kinds- sensorimotor, perceptual and cognitive- are impaired by damage to the … (sensorimotor skills also require the motor cortex and cerebellum)
basal ganglia
a change in stimulus processing due to prior exposure to the stimulus
- function of the cortex - different types of priming are related to reduced activity in different cortical areas
priming
the association between 2 stimuli, or between a stimulus and a response
associative learning
in … (pavlovian conditioning) a neutral stimulus, repeatedly paired with a stimulus that elicits a response, begins to elicit the response of the stimulus when alone
classical conditioning
in … (operant conditioning) an association is made between a behavior (the instrumental response) and the consequences of the behavior (the reward)
- the subject must exhibit a specific behavior (like press a lever) to get reward
instrumental conditioning
