Emotions, Aggression, and Stress Cont.

Question 1

characterized by dramatic reduction of fear and anxiety following bilateral amygdala damage

Answer 1

kluver-bucy syndrome

Question 2

James papez concluded that destruction of a set of interconnected brain regions of the … would impair emotional processes

Answer 2

limbic system

Question 3

… can elicit fear, including behaviors and autonomic changes by pairing a stimulus with an aversive stimulus, like shock

Answer 3

classical conditioning

Question 4

studies of …. identified the amygdala located in the temporal lobe as key structure in mediation of fear and emotional learning

Answer 4

fear conditioning

Question 5

feeling … can bilaterally increase activity in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and decrease activity in the posterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices

Answer 5

love

Question 6

is behavior intended to cause pain or harm to others

Answer 6

aggression

Question 7

is seen between males of the same species

• observed in most vertebrate species
• aggressive behavior in males is adaptive for gaining access to food and mates

Answer 7

intermale aggression

Question 8

increases aggression in many species

• testes begin secreting this at puberty which is when internal aggression increases significantly; castration in males reduces aggressive behavior

Answer 8

testosterone

Question 9

in human…
- some studies show that the increased T at puberty or as administrated to subjects does not increase aggression, while other studies report that T levels do correlate with hostility and violence

Answer 9

the effect of testosterone is less clear

Question 10

the release of … normally inhibits aggression

Answer 10

serotonin

Question 11

enhanced … activity generally reduces aggression

Answer 11

GABA

Question 12

the … is involved in activating aggressive behavior

Answer 12

ventromedial hypothalamus (VHM)

Question 13

a … is anything that disrupts the physiological balance in an organism

• environmental, physical, immunological, psychological

Answer 13

stressor

Question 14

the …. is the body’s adaptations designed to aid in its survival in response to a threat or perception of a threat

• neuroendocrine, immunological, behavioral

Answer 14

stress-response

Question 15

stress triggers release of … from the adrenal cortex

Answer 15

cortisol

Question 16

epinephrine (adrenaline) and non-epinephrine (non-adrenaline) from the …

• boosts heart rate, breathing, etc, in preparation for action

Answer 16

adrenal medulla

Question 17

• mild stress early in life improves resiliency to later stress

Answer 17

stress immunization

Question 18

..in humans often appears when the stress-response is activated for too long or too frequently and when its not activated for a physiological reasons

• the pathology of stress likely results from long-term exposure to stress hormones

Answer 18

stress-related disease