Memory and Learning Cont.

Question 1

fast glimpse of something that isn’t stored

Answer 1

sensory buffers

Question 2

usually last about 30 seconds or throughout rehearsal

Answer 2

short-term memories (STMs)

Question 3

last days, weeks, months or years

Answer 3

Long-term memories (LTMs)

Question 4

its not meant for us to recount our complete lift histories, but to record important events that we can use to:

Answer 4

shape our future behavior in adaptive ways

Question 5

sensory information is brought into STM

Answer 5

encoding

Question 6

transferring information from short to long term memory/storage

Answer 6

consolidation

Question 7

taking info out of long-term storage for use in working memory

Answer 7

retrieval

Question 8

LTM has a vast capacity, but is subject to … - pruning of unimportant memories to preserve cognitive resources

Answer 8

forgetting

Question 9

the … does not deteriorate over time but is interfered with by other events that occur before or after their formation

Answer 9

memory trace

Question 10

the process of retrieving info from LTM can cause memories to become unstable and susceptible to …

Answer 10

disruption or alteration

Question 11

is the return of a memory trace to stable, long term storage after recall

Answer 11

reconsolidation

Question 12

the ability of neurons and neural circuits to be remodeled in response to experience or the environment

Answer 12

neuroplasticity

Question 13

synaptic changes that may store info can be presynaptic, postsynaptic, or both
- this can include changes in the … or changes in
number or sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors

• new synapses may also be formed!

Answer 13

amount of neurotransmitter released

Question 14

lab animals living in a complex environment demonstrate biochemical and anatomical brain changes, 3 housing conditions…

Answer 14

• standard condition (SC)
• impoverished condition (IC)
• enriched condition (EC)

Question 15

• heavier, thicker cortex
• enhanced cholinergic activity
• more dendritic branches and spines on cortical neurons
• larger cortical synapses
• more neurons in the hippocampus
• enhanced recovery from brain damage

Answer 15

animals housed in EC developed:

Question 16

proposed that when one neuron repeatedly activates another neuron, their synaptic connection will become stronger: “cells that fire together, wire together.”

Answer 16

Donald Hebb

Question 17

…important for establishing and maintaining strong connection between neurons and could act together to store memory traces

Answer 17

Hebbian synapses